With medical researchers currently fiddling
with human genes to cure disease, design babies and clone who - knows - what, the plot is convincing and a bit frightening.
If human cells are sorted together mouse cells, the data will have heterogenous expression patterns as single cell data does, only
with human genes rather than mouse genes.
When the case has to do
with human genes and their patentability!
The team showed only that yeast equipped
with human genes could survive, not that they were vigorous and could compete with unaltered strains, cautions Eugene Koonin, an evolutionary biologist at the National Center for Biotechnology Information in Bethesda, Maryland.
John March of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York and his team took the bacterium Lactobacillus gasseri, which is found in some probiotic yogurts, and equipped
it with a human gene for a hormone called glucagon - like peptide - 1.
The gene, AfBIR1, shares an ancestor
with the human gene survivin, which also regulates cell death.
Not exact matches
Nils Lonberg, a Harvard - trained molecular biologist who worked at Medarex, had figured out not only how to engineer a mouse
with human immune
genes but also how to make antibodies from these
genes that were fully
human as well.
In April, Chinese researchers working
with non-viable
human embryos (those that would never end up turning into people) used it to try to tweak a
gene that would normally have caused a rare blood disorder.
Katherine High, Spark's president and chief scientific officer, expressed her enthusiasm for the early clinical data related to SPK - 8011: «The encouraging start of our SPK - 8011 clinical trial reinforces the strength of our
gene therapy platform, delivers
human proof - of - concept in a second liver - mediated disease — a significant achievement in the
gene therapy field — and positions us well to potentially transform the current treatment approach for this life - altering disease
with a one - time intervention.»
Just because living creatures share some
genes with humans does not mean there is a linear ancestry.
Research on a new «
gene editing» technology known as CRISPR — which theoretically allows any cell or organism to have its genome altered — is advancing exponentially,
with early research ongoing on
human embryos created for that purpose.
Their children didn't need to commit incest; they simply mixed
with other groups of mortal
humans outside Eden, who passed on the useful Neanderthal
genes we inherited.
(Answers: 1) because they lived and died millions of years before
humans and extant forms; 2) because
humans and dinosaurs never coexisted; 3) this simply didn't happen, but the creationist response is apparently, and ironically, «hyper - evolution» from severely bottle - necked
gene pools; and 4) because we share a common ancestor
with egg - laying organisms)
Thanks to evolutionary nature, «
human genes had endowed
human beings
with the capacity to initiate a revolutionary lifestyle change that blew apart the traditional equation of adaption and survival.»
What I'm really going to do is to rid the
gene pool of its 10,000 worst contributors, in an effort to speed up the evolution of the
human race (yes: I made the system automatic, so that I didn't have to bother diddling
with it at every moment: Darwin was right, but the process turned out slower than I expected, and I got bored, hence the urge to speed things up a tad).
I have disagreed
with him before about these matters, for example when he tried to claim that
human exceptonalisim is somehow tied in
with our
genes being made in the likeness and image of God's, when God, as an incorporeal Being, would not have
genes.
However, if I was an ancient Israelite, and I saw things like the Red Sea parting, staff turned into snakes, and the Shekinah glory, and prophets predicting specific future events
with 100 % accuracy, and other nations setting their face against Israel to destroy her and / or engaged in
human sacrifice, and they weren't typical
humans but were actually a group of hybrids like the Nephalim or the Rephaim that were polluting the
gene pool to try to foil God's plan of ultimately bringing a Messiah to save all mankind one day, and God wanted them to repent and sent them warning after warning, and they refused, and God commanded me thus....
But still most people would tend to agree that a program of controlled eugenics that involved exterminating
humans with defective
genes is immoral even though it could accelerate evolution an better the species.
Just as we now routinely shuffle the
genes of plants and animals to produce a variety of outcomes (smarter, bigger, leaner), so we stand on the very edge of attempting the same thing
with human beings.
However, when conservationists try to oppose polluters and developers solely
with pragmatic arguments about the value to
human welfare of, for example,
gene pools in rain forests, they have been maneuvered into fighting on the same ground as their opponents.
In particular,
humans share an unfortunate «broken
gene»
with many other primates, including chimpanzees, orangutans, and macaques.
Until recently, half of the
human race died from infectious causes before adulthood, providing strong selective pressure for genetic alleles that enhance host defence but why are the genetic alleles that are most frequently associated
with depression so common in the modern
gene pool?
Which would not really be a big enough
gene pool to fill a whole planet
with viable
humans.
Those who feel there is something «unnatural» about introducing
human genes into animals or plants forget that we share a high proportion of our
genes with these species already: it is precisely this collective heritage that allows experiments on frogs to spawn treatments for
human cancer.
This also leads into the end time delusion, what is happening now
with gene manipulation, singularity,
humans 2.0, etc... I am just throwing this out there as a path of consideration.
She picked those non-human primates because they are the closest relatives in the animal kingdom, especially gorillas and chimpanzees, who share more than 98 % of their
genes with humans.
With such an undeveloped little brain, they are about as close to their
genes as any
human will ever get and have little control over their behavior.
The disruption of prenatal cellular activity in zebra fish, which share 80 percent of their
genes with humans and are considered a good model for studying
human brain development, seemed to result in hyperactivity, according to the Canadian study, which was published Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
However, this study revealed that mice are more similar to
humans than previously thought,
with an average of around 10 % of active
genes escaping X-inactivation per tissue.
The decision contradicts earlier recommendations by organizers of a global summit on
human gene editing, who concluded that
gene editing
with molecular scissors such as CRISPR / Cas9 should not be used to produce babies (SN: 12/26/15, p. 12).
Although
genes are recognized as influencing behavior and cognition, «genetically identical» does not mean altogether identical; almost no one would deny that identical twins, despite being natural
human clones
with identical DNA, are separate people,
with separate experiences and not altogether overlapping personalities.
When
human YME1L1 was introduced into yeast
with the mutated YME1, the
human gene product partially rescued the YME1 mutation, preventing migration of mitochondrial DNA into the nucleus.
One - third of yeast
genes have counterparts in the
human genome, many of which are associated
with diseases, such as cancer.
Thanks to CRISPR
gene - editing tools, researchers can tweak the rat genome to create so - called transgenic animals
with human - like disease traits.
An international team led by researchers
with the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) has developed a new technique for identifying
gene enhancers — sequences of DNA that act to amplify the expression of a specific
gene — in the genomes of
humans and other mammals.
The scope of bioethics can expand
with biotechnology, including cloning,
gene therapy, life extension,
human genetic engineering, astroethics and life in space, and manipulation of basic biology through altered DNA, XNA and proteins.
Researchers at Weill Cornell Medical College recently identified a
gene abnormality that is associated
with anxiety - related behaviors; it makes
humans and mice hypervigilant to cues that signal danger.
These findings allowed researchers to create a chimera virus: a mouse virus
with a
human viral
gene that can be used to test molecules that inhibit
human LANA protein in an animal model of disease, treating not only
human herpes virus infection but also its associated cancers.
Our genomes are strewn
with millions of rare
gene variations, the result of the very fast, very recent population growth of the
human species.
These four
genes and their proteins constitute the heart of the biological clock in flies, and
with some modifications they appear to form a mechanism governing circadian rhythms throughout the animal kingdom, from fish to frogs, mice to
humans.
Instead the skull indicates that modern
humans met and interbred
with Neanderthals in Israel, only to later pass on their
genes to the rest of the world.
The investigators caution the approach is years away from use in
humans, but
gene therapy carries the promise of restoring hearing in people
with several forms of both genetic and acquired deafness.
Robl and Stice, in collaboration
with the biotech company Genzyme of Cambridge, Massachusetts, have already created embryos that contain the
human gene for albumin protein, which helps restore the blood's osmotic pressure after blood loss.
Building the knowledge base requires
humans to teach computers key concepts from curated articles;
with modest online training, anyone who reads English can scan research papers for key terms — names of
genes, proteins, diseases, and drugs — and use online marking tools to document relationships between them (for example, drug X treats disease Y).
«The million dollar question is whether mutations of this
gene also occur in
humans with cerebellar ataxia,» says Becker, who is screening people
with genetic forms of the condition to find out.
ORLANDO, Fla. — Organisms as different as plants, bacteria, yeast and
humans could hold genetic swap meets and come away
with fully functional
genes, new research suggests.
EPFL scientists have now taken the first extensive look at a family of ~ 350
human proteins, showing that they establish a complex interplay
with transposable elements to create largely
human - specific
gene regulatory networks.
The survey, described today in a Policy Forum published by Science, randomly presented people
with different vignettes that described genome editing being used in germline or somatic cells to either treat disease or enhance a
human with, say, a
gene linked to higher IQ or eye color.
The team found that
humans are equipped
with tiny differences in a particular regulator of
gene activity, dubbed HARE5, that when introduced into a mouse embryo, led to a 12 % bigger brain than in the embryos treated
with the HARE5 sequence from chimpanzees.
An apparently new Variant of
human serum albumin, albumin Naskapi, has been found in high frequency in the Naskapi Indians of Quebec and, in lower frequency, in other North American Indians.The family and population data of the albumin are consistent
with its inheritance as a simple autosomal trait Controlled by a
gene designated Al Naskapi.