No studies have compared exclusive prolonged hydrolyzed (including both partially and extensively hydrolyzed formulas) formula feeding (more than 3 days)
with human milk feeding on the incidence of atopic disease.
Not exact matches
Although one is constantly reminded that it is best to
feed infants
with human milk, I think the tone of language in this post is unnecessarily hostile.
Once they turn 1, things change a bit and it is generally recommended to use cow's
milk if the parents are no longer
feeding their baby
with human milk.
«Every time they come up
with a new concoction, it's always «closer to» or «more like»
human milk,» said Betty Crase, director of the Center for Breast -
Feeding Information at La Leche League International, based in Schaumburg.
In March, the American Academy of Pediatrics — citing studies that showed that premature babies
fed solely
with breast
milk have 77 percent reduced rate of NEC — stated unequivocally that all preterm infants should receive
human breast
milk.
Would a waiter have urged someone
feeding a baby a bottle of
milk (artificial or
human milk) to cover up
with a white linen shroud?
Premature infants who are
fed with human milk decrease their risks of a serious and life - threatening intestinal infection known as necrotizing enterocolitis, or NEC.
Very - low - birth - weight infants who can not be
fed mother's own
milk or donor
human milk should be given preterm infant formula if they fail to gain weight despite adequate
feeding with standard infant formula.
Moreover, the prematurity of the infant gut meant it had to be
fed frequently
with human milk which was low in fat and protein.
Bringing forth another
human being is glorious while
feeding your baby
with your own
milk is divine.
The American Association of Pediatricians statement on breastfeeding and the use of
human milk (2005) states, «Exclusive breastfeeding is the reference or normative model against which all alternative
feeding methods must be measured
with regard to growth, health, development and all other short and long - term outcomes.»
Feeding straight animal
milk was often associated
with severe illness and death of the baby, either because the
milk was not clean due to lack of refrigeration or infected
with tuberculosis, or the ingredients were unsuitable for
human infants, present in too large or too small quantities.
Pasteurized donor
human milk can be used to help infants
with a variety of conditions, including prematurity, allergies,
feeding intolerance, immunologic deficiencies, post-operative nutrition, treatment of some infectious diseases, and treatment of certain inborn errors of metabolism.
Recall that breastfed infants wake up much more frequently and at shorter intervals than do bottle
fed infants since cows
milk is designed for cow brain growth (much less volume compared
with human brains) and body growth rates while breast
milk has just the right composition which means fast burning sugars and much less protein and fat... for that ever - growing
human infant brain which triples in size in the first year.
Results Compared
with infants
fed at the breast, infants
fed only by bottle gained 71 or 89 g more per month when
fed nonhuman
milk only (P <.001) or
human milk only (P =.02), respectively.
Compared
with infants
fed at the breast only, infants
fed only by bottle gained 71 or 89 g more per month when
fed nonhuman
milk only (P <.001) or expressed
human milk only (P =.02), but they gained only 37 g more per month when
fed both expressed
human milk and nonhuman
milk (P =.08).
Human milk is the preferred
feeding for all infants, including premature and sick newborns,
with rare exceptions.75 - 77 The ultimate decision on
feeding of the infant is the mother's.
Diaper changes,
milk feedings, no sleep (like, never ever), our bodies healing from bringing a
HUMAN BEING into the world, wild and uncontrollable emotions, having to cope
with the idea of actually leaving those little babies and going back to work... Sounds like a dream, doesn't it?
No available evidence shows that exceeding the amount of calcium retained by the exclusively breastfed term infant during the first 6 months of life or the amount retained by the
human milk -
fed infant supplemented
with solid foods during the second 6 months of life is beneficial to achieving long - term increases in bone mineralization.
More recently, Lucas and Cole, 19 in a large, prospective, controlled study reported a lower incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis among VLBW infants
fed human milk compared
with formula -
fed infants.
Human milk feeding was associated
with a 57 % reduction in the odds of infection, in general, controlling for gestational age, mechanical ventilation days, 5 - minute Apgar score, and days without enteral
feedings and a 53 % reduction in the odds of sepsis / meningitis, in specific, controlling for gestational age, mechanical ventilation days, and days without enteral
feedings.
In our study, limited to VLBW infants, the incidence of any infection or sepsis / meningitis was significantly reduced in
human milk -
fed infants compared
with exclusively formula -
fed infants.
Lapillonne, A., Brossard, N., Claris, O., Reygrobellet, B., and Salle, B. L. Erythrocyte fatty acid composition in term infants
fed human milk or a formula enriched
with a low eicosapentanoic acid fish oil for 4 months.
Although a few reports of late onset GBS in infants whose mothers also expressed GBS in their breastmilk are described in the literature,
with the standard medical treatment of breastmilk as just some infectious bodily fluid, no studies are to be found specifically comparing overall GBS infections in infants to presence or absence of exclusive
human milk feeding.
The unadjusted incidence of infection was significantly higher for formula -
fed infants (47.2 %) compared
with infants who received
human milk (29.3 %; Table 2).
Human milk feeding was independently associated
with a reduced odds of infection (odds ratio [OR] = 0.46, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 0.24 — 0.87;P =.016), controlling for birth weight, 5 - minute Apgar score, mechanical ventilation days, and days without enteral
feedings.
S.J. Gross, «Bone mineralization in preterm infants
fed human milk with and without mineral supplementation,» J Pediatr 111, no. 3 (Sep 1987): 450 — 8.
Human milk feeding was independently correlated
with a reduced odds of infection (odds ratio [OR] = 0.43; 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 0.23 — 0.81), controlling for gestational age, 5 - minute Apgar score, mechanical ventilation days, and days without enteral
feedings; and was independently correlated
with a reduced odds of sepsis / meningitis (OR = 0.47, 95 % CI: 0.23 — 0.95), controlling for gestational age, mechanical ventilation days, and days without enteral
feedings.
«For those few health situations where infants can not, or should not, be breastfed, the choice of the best alternative - expressed breast
milk from an infant's own mother, breastmilk from a healthy wet - nurse or
human -
milk bank, or a breast -
milk substitute
fed with a cup...» [3]
For preterm infants,
human milk feeding, in particular the woman's own
milk, is associated
with a reduced risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (18) and other infectious morbidity.
Although
human milk (HM) is the recommended form of infant nutrition, the provision of HM
feeding among infants
with congenital heart disease in the cardiac...
To examine the availability of donor
human milk (DHM) in a population - based cohort and assess whether the availability of DHM was associated
with rates of breast
milk feeding at NICU discharge and rates of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).
Two trials compared early, short - term hydrolyzed formula to exclusive
human milk feeding with no significant difference in infant allergy or childhood cow's
milk allergy reported (35).
The health risks associated
with formula
feeding for premature infants include increased incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis, 5 delayed brainstem maturation, 6 decreased scoring on cognitive and developmental tests,7 - 10 and decreased visual development.11, 12 Thus,
human -
milk feeding of premature infants is desirable, and effective strategies to increase breastfeeding rates in this population are needed.
In the US,
human milk is now being sold online but the Food and Drug Administration is urging women not to
feed their babies
with the
milk that has not been screened at a
milk bank.
Breastfeeding is contraindicated in infants
with classic galactosemia (galactose 1 - phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency) 103; mothers who have active untreated tuberculosis disease or are
human T - cell lymphotropic virus type I — or II — positive104, 105; mothers who are receiving diagnostic or therapeutic radioactive isotopes or have had exposure to radioactive materials (for as long as there is radioactivity in the
milk) 106 — 108; mothers who are receiving antimetabolites or chemotherapeutic agents or a small number of other medications until they clear the
milk109, 110; mothers who are using drugs of abuse («street drugs»); and mothers who have herpes simplex lesions on a breast (infant may
feed from other breast if clear of lesions).
The notion that we should
feed human babies
with another mammals
milk is insanity.
In addition,
human milk -
fed premature infants receive significant benefits
with respect to host protection and improved developmental outcomes compared
with formula -
fed premature infants.13 — 22 From studies in preterm and term infants, the following outcomes have been documented.
At the dawn of the twentieth century, nearly all children were
human milk fed - either maternally breastfed or provided
with donated
human milk.
Pediatricians and other health care professionals should recommend
human milk for all infants in whom breastfeeding is not specifically contraindicated and provide parents
with complete, current information on the benefits and techniques of breastfeeding to ensure that their
feeding decision is a fully informed one.147 — 149
Human Milk Fortifier (HMF), developed for use
with premature infants, is often used as a «filler» when an infant is being tube -
fed expressed breastmilk.
Breastfeeding is associated
with a reduced risk of SIDS.71, — , 73 If possible, mothers should exclusively breastfeed or
feed with expressed
human milk (ie, not offer any formula or other non —
human milk — based supplements) for 6 months, in alignment
with recommendations of the AAP.74
A recent study has reported an association between dietary long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and mental development in infants.32 It has been suggested that these fatty acids can be an explanation for the beneficial effect of nutrition
with human milk on mental development of the child.33 34 This may be a plausible biological explanation of the correlation between breast
feeding and mental development.
Physiologic sleep studies have found that breastfed infants are more easily aroused from sleep than their formula -
fed counterparts.247, 248 In addition, breastfeeding results in a decreased incidence of diarrhea, upper and lower respiratory infections, and other infectious diseases249 that are associated
with an increased vulnerability to SIDS and provides overall immune system benefits from maternal antibodies and micronutrients in
human milk.250, 251 Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months has been found to be more protective against infectious diseases compared
with exclusive breastfeeding to 4 months of age and partial breastfeeding thereafter.249
Growth and breastfeeding among low birth weight infants
fed with or without protein enrichment of
human milk.
These findings are very consistent
with those from Lucas et al. 9 who randomly assigned premature babies to be tube -
fed formula or
human milk.
Feeding premature infants
with human milk or preterm
milk formula.
Visual acuity and fatty acid status of term infants
fed human milk and formulas
with and without docosahexanoate and arachidonate from egg yolk lecithin
Breastfeeding (or nursing [1]-RRB- is the
feeding of an infant or young child
with breast
milk directly from
human breasts rather than from a baby bottle or other container.
It follows that to
feed most preterm, sick or low birthweight infants
with human milk, some system of
human milk banking needs to be set up.