WinterLab is the ultimate cold weather simulator, complete
with icy surfaces, a snow - making machine and a mean wind fan.
That left the researchers with the idea that meltwater, produced when hot ejecta interacted
with an icy surface, carved the Lyot valleys.
Not exact matches
Designed for wearing at work but flexible enough for a quick hike around town as well, the Santiago shoes use materials made mostly of leather
with a rubber sole that can handle slick
icy surfaces.
The
icy deposits appear to be patchy and thin, and it's possible that they are mixed in
with the
surface layer of soil, dust and small rocks called the regolith.
The spot where Europa's plumes appear to originate (left,
with the green oval showing the 2014 occurrence and the blue oval showing the 2016 occurrence) is also the warmest spot on the
icy moon's
surface, shown in a heat map from the Galileo spacecraft (right,
with lighter yellow contours showing relatively warmer regions).
The presence of sea salt on Europa's
surface suggests the ocean is interacting
with its rocky seafloor — an important consideration in determining whether the
icy moon could support life.
Most meteor showers are thought to come from comets, whose
icy surfaces vaporise easily during close encounters
with the sun.
Future wet suits
with surface textures like the thick fur of otters that trap insulating air layers could keep tomorrow's divers warmer in
icy waters.
Scientists analyzing the cracks and ridges on Europa's
surface find that its
icy skin is also slowly recycled through a process similar to continental subduction on Earth,
with one
icy plate slipping and buckling under the edge of another.
Its
icy surface was as white and bright as fresh snow, and whereas the other airless moons were heavily pocked
with craters, Enceladus was mantled in places
with extensive plains of smooth, uncratered terrain, a clear sign of past internally driven geologic activity.
Like a cosmic lava lamp, a large section of Pluto's
icy surface is renewed by a process called convection that replace older ices
with fresher material.
Mission scientists used state - of - the - art computer simulations to show that the
surface of Sputnik Planum is covered
with icy, churning, convective «cells» 10 - 30 miles across, and less than a million years old.
Now, Waite is interested in applying mass spectrometry to determine Europa's
surface composition, data that could clarify how the moon's
icy surface interacts
with the liquid oceans below.
By simply tracking water as it melted, migrated, and refroze, Schmidt had, in mere months following a trip to the Antarctic, come up
with by far the most complete model of the
icy moon's chaotic
surface.
Head does not expect to find the same
icy cover in the equatorial regions of Mars where Spirit and Opportunity landed, but he hopes the «scratch and sniff» tests — in which the rovers drill into Mars rocks and compare the
surface with the interior — will reveal the climatic history of the region.
As it orbits, Europa's
icy surface heaves and falls
with the pull of Jupiter's gravity, creating enough heat, scientists think, to support a global ocean beneath the moon's solid shell.
When planetary scientists started studying the photographs and data from Voyager and the subsequent Galileo mission that studied the Jovian system during the 1990s and early 2000s, they confirmed this notion: these ridges, or lineae, are fructures, or cracks, on Europa's
icy surface, caused be the intense tidal forces of the massive, nearby Jupiter and the orbital resonances
with the other nearby moons.
The large satellites of Uranus show unique geologic features we'd like to understand (such as the tortured - looking
surface of Miranda, a small moon
with the tallest cliff in the Solar System), while Neptune's satellite Triton is thought to be a captured Kuiper Belt object, similar to Pluto, potentially harboring an ocean under its
icy surface.
To go to Enceladus, she added, any lander would need to be very clean as liquid water is in contact
with the moon's
icy surface, so contamination of the subsurface ocean would be a very real possibility.
There's a chance — despite
surface temperatures of about minus - 400 degrees Fahrenheit — that some internal source of heat could make Pluto's
surface ooze, flow, and perhaps erupt
with icy geysers.
Scientists say they've discovered evidence of a watery ocean
with warm spots hiding beneath the
surface of Saturn's
icy moon Enceladus.
These lakes, that would be located deep in Europa's
icy crust, could be communicating
with the liquid water ocean below, while providing it
with chemical elements from the
surface that would be a valuable energy source to any potential life forms.
Cassini first revealed active geological processes on Enceladus in 2005
with evidence of an
icy spray issuing from the moon's south polar region and higher - than - expected temperatures in the
icy surface there.
The Galileo mission that studied the Jovian system during the 1990s and early 2000s confirmed the scientists» speculations that these ridges were fractures, or cracks, on Europa's
icy surface, caused be the intense tidal forces of the massive, nearby Jupiter and the orbital resonances
with the other nearby moons of the Jovian system.
When an
icy impact occurred, the impactor's kinetic energy became heat energy, instantly melted some ice, gouged out a crater, and kicked up into Mars» thin atmosphere large amounts of debris mixed
with water (liquid, ice crystals, and vapor)-- and complex organic molecules that obviously came recently from life.127 Then, the dirt and salt - water mixture settled back to the
surface in vast layers of thin sheets — strata — especially around the crater.
The company recruits a team of six astronauts and tasks them
with documenting the existence of single - celled life beneath Europa's
icy surface.
As
with most ovals even the slightest mistake can be costly; the
icy surface only amplifies this further.
Continental is developing a new system called Road Condition Observer that uses vehicle sensors and cloud data to classify a road
surface as dry, wet, covered
with snow or
icy and to assess the grip of the road
surface.
The plot was original and thought - provoking so it is a pity Cornwell chose to pad the text
with technical details of things like helicopter flight procedures and CT scans, which might only be of interest to technophiles, as well as trivial minutiae of driving a car and walking on
icy surfaces.
Avoid playing
with your dog on an
icy surface, dogs can slip and become injured.
It might also be tough for him to keep his balance on
icy surfaces with longer nails.
As
with most ovals even the slightest mistake can be costly; the
icy surface only amplifies this further.
With a wife and child back home to support, Jim's looking for any work he can, and finds it on the planet's
icy surface in the form of retrieving samples of the energy for NEVEC to study.
«If you have seen... many of Hofmann's paintings, you will have seen certain attributes persisting: bright color, painterly
surface, impulsive... You will also have seen many puzzling things: the stylistic variety, abutting complimentary colors which never become garish or «optical,»
surfaces jam - packed
with agitated pigment which somehow turn serene,
icy greens exuding warmth.»
Using fabric - dying techniques rather than brushed paint, Gruzis has layered these medium - sized paintings
with nesting frame shapes, or splayed radiating lines across the paintings»
surfaces against tie - dye patterns in smoky purples, blues, and
icy grays.
With ice cover shrinking in the Arctic during the summer months, less sunlight is reflected off the
icy surface, which means the ocean absorbs the sunlight instead.
As Climate Central's Andrew Freedman recently pointed out, the United States is essentially helpless in the Arctic,
with zero Navy
surface ships capable of navigating the
icy waters and the Senate unwilling to ratify the UN convention that facilitates diplomacy in the region.
For example, a landowner may clear or remove snow in a particular way that creates a new danger, or may fail to provide lighting for an
icy pathway or fail to cover a ditch that, when it becomes filled
with snow, looks level
with the surrounding
surface and creates a trip or fall hazard.