«We anticipate,» says Dr. Chou, «that this research will provide important pre-clinical data to support clinical trials using DAC and similar drugs combined
with immune therapies targeting antigens like NY - ESO - 1 to treat advanced colorectal cancer and potentially other common cancers.»
In recent studies, about one - third of patients treated
with immune therapies such as anti-CTLA4 or anti-PD1 respond, but the results vary widely.
«What we couldn't do with chemotherapy,» Porter says, «we were able to do in four weeks
with immune therapy.»
Dr. De Carvalho says: «Another important implication of our finding is that since decitabine induces an anti-viral response, which is highly immunogenic, it may be useful to combine this agent
with immune therapy to further advance personalized cancer medicine by boosting an individual's natural defenses to fight disease.
In melanoma patients who are also treated
with the immune therapy pembrolizumab after surgery, the risk of recurrence of the disease is almost twice as small as in patients who receive a placebo.
Not exact matches
Swiss pharmaceutical giant Novartis has made waves
with a drug pipeline that includes one of the most talked - about experimental cancer
therapies in recent years — a treatment called Kymriah that reconfigures the body's own
immune cells to become aggressive blood - cancer killers.
giant Novartis has made waves
with a drug pipeline that includes one of the most talked - about experimental cancer
therapies in recent years — a treatment called Kymriah that reconfigures the body's own
immune cells to become aggressive blood - cancer killers.
With major clinical successes in areas such as CAR - T, gene
therapy,
immune - oncology, cell
therapy and gene editing, many see 2017 as the year that biotech really came of age.
Non-lactational mastitis occurs in women
with weakened
immune systems, including women who have had lumpectomies
with radiation
therapy and women
with diabetes.
A type of
immune therapy known as PD - 1 blockade controlled cancer in 77 percent of patients
with defects in DNA mismatch repair — the system cells use to spell - check and fix errors in DNA (SN Online: 10/7/15).
Scientists believe that is what happened during a 1999 French gene
therapy trial on a group of 10 young children
with X-SCID, an
immune deficiency disorder known as boy - in - the - bubble syndrome.
On its own, this
immune response had no immediate effect in the fight against the utilized breast tumors, but in combination
with the ADC it proved itself effective in attacking cancer cells in mice, resulting in the complete cure of the majority of mice receiving the combination
therapy.
In a retrospective analysis of clinical trial data, they found that melanoma patients
with highly aneuploid tumors were less likely to benefit from
immune checkpoint blockade
therapy than patients whose tumors showed fewer chromosomal disruptions.
Wrangle and Rubinstein's
therapy is a combination of a checkpoint drug, nivolumab,
with a new and powerful
immune stimulation drug, ALT - 803.
The research suggests that
immune therapy for cancer might be more effective if combined
with drugs that inhibit NF - kB.
Patients
with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer will always progress after chemotherapy, so most patients go on to be treated
with immunotherapy, a type of
therapy that uses the body's
immune system to fight cancer.
In addition to formulating diagnostic strategies for cancer immunotherapy agents, her team is focused on developing a deep understanding of tumor
immune biology as well as mechanisms associated
with immune response and
immune escape in cancer patients,
with the intent of generating rational strategies for the creation of combination
therapies.
Because the CAR - T cells do not eradicate all cancer cells, the researchers think the
immune therapy will need to be combined
with other treatments.
Ten years after infection
with HIV, a typical person has progressed to where tens if not hundreds of thousands of copies of the virus can be found in a single milliliter of their blood and more than three quarters of their CD4
immune cells are destroyed, if they have not started drug
therapy.
«As a field, we are starting to grapple
with premature aging in the HIV - infected population, even in patients who are on
therapy — their
immune systems largely look like someone whose
immune system is many years older,» Hunt notes.
And early stage startup Neochromosome, which includes Boeke, intends to raise money to design synthetic chromosomes for medicine that could be used in an off - the - shelf universal cell line in cell
therapies and transplants
with minimal risk of rejection from the
immune system.
With the potential to affect such a diverse array of neurological ailments, many of which have no known
therapy, the hope is that an improved understanding of
immune - CNS interactions will bring to light new paradigms for preventing and treating neurological disease.
«It is anticipated that this novel compound will have significant efficacy in human melanomas and other cancers either as a stand - alone
therapy or in combination
with other targeted or
immune - based
therapies,» explained co-corresponding author Rhoda Alani, MD, the Herbert Mescon Chair of Dermatology at Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM).
Eye diseases — such as age - related macular degeneration, as well as a genetic condition called Stargardt's macular dystrophy that afflicts young people — are considered excellent candidates for stem cell
therapy because the eye is an
immune - privileged site, meaning transplanted cells are not as likely to be rejected as foreign compared
with transplants elsewhere.
Then immunotherapy firm Juno Therapeutics shook hands
with gene - editing start - up Editas to create anticancer
immune cell
therapies; Vertex Pharmaceuticals and Crispr Therapeutics, another start - up, inked an agreement that could be valued at $ 2.6 billion; while Regeneron Pharmaceuticals formed a patent licence agreement
with ERS Genomics, which holds the rights to the foundational Crispr intellectual property from Emmanuelle Charpentier, one of the Crispr pioneers.
HIV also hides in cells and continues to undermine the host's
immune system despite antiretroviral
therapy that has improved the outlook of those
with AIDS.
Researchers at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center developed a novel chimeric mouse model to test the combination
therapy using
immune checkpoint blockades
with therapies targeting myeloid - derived suppressor cells (MDSCs).
A phase 3 trial of lenalidomide / dexamethasone
with elotuzumab (Empliciti ™), an antibody
therapy that attacks myeloma cells directly and spurs the
immune system to launch an attack of its own.
Diabetes researchers are considering various replacements for insulin injections: Transplanting new pancreatic islet cells that make insulin, coaxing the patient's own islets to regenerate, or treating diabetics early in the disease
with immune - suppressing
therapies to prevent their body from destroying the rest of their pancreatic islets.
With additional genome tinkering to avoid rejection by the
immune system, they could be used clinically as a universal stem cell
therapy.
Researchers have designed a nanoparticle - based
therapy that is effective in treating mice
with multiple myeloma, a cancer of
immune cells in the bone marrow.
Wistar scientists have previously shown that age - related changes in the tumor microenvironment — or the surrounding area where tumor cells crosstalk
with normal and
immune cells — can drive melanoma progression and
therapy resistance.
On the one hand, the treatment of rats after a stroke involves specific
immune therapy, where so - called Nogo proteins are blocked
with antibodies.
«Because we observed microbial effects mainly in the gut, we believe that a microbe - based
therapy would avoid the collateral damage seen
with drugs that wipe out classes of
immune cells across the body,» said Benoist, a professor of microbiology and immunobiology at HMS.
Dr. Cripe and his colleagues at The Ohio State University, the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center tested how well the oncolytic viral
therapy — a cancer - killing form of the herpes simplex virus, called oHSV — infected and killed tumor cells in mice
with and without a healthy
immune system.
What's more, people
with many trunk antigens seemed to respond better to
immune therapies.
Much of the cancer - killing effect of the oHSV injections was lost when the researchers tested the
therapy in tumors of mice
with defective
immune systems.
2011: Another success makes headlines: David Porter and Carl June report that
immune cells modified
with gene
therapy had cured two terminal leukemia patients of their cancer.
Six patients were treated first
with epigenetic
therapy followed by
immune therapy.
Combine that
with antiretroviral
therapy and it may be possible to both restore
immune function and eradicate HIV throughout the body.
The researchers were able to reverse these epigenetic changes
with the use of an FDA - approved drug, forcing the cancer cells out of hiding and potentially making them better targets for the same
immune therapy that in the past may have failed.
In June 2002, for example, a young girl treated
with a new genetic
therapy developed at the San Raffaele Hospital in Milan was cured of severe
immune deficiency syndrome.
Furthermore, they have found that neural stems cells can be culled from the patient's bone marrow, thus circumventing ethical and political obstacles to neural stem cell
therapy as well as problems
with immune rejection that sometimes arise when researchers must employ embryonic stem cell lines.
Enhancing such an interaction, perhaps in combination
with other
therapies that attack the virus at other stages of its life cycle, could give the
immune system the opening it needs to overcome an infection.
The ability of these children to maintain an intact
immune system in the face of ongoing viral replication and in the absence of antiretroviral
therapy can provide us
with new insights into hitherto unknown defense mechanisms, which could eventually benefit other HIV patients,» says Professor Oliver T. Keppler, Chair of Virology at the Pettenkofer Institute, and former head of the German Reference Center for Retroviruses in Frankfurt am Main.
Scientists believe that's what happened during a 1999 French gene
therapy trial on a group of 10 infants
with X-SCID, an
immune deficiency disorder known as boy - in - the - bubble syndrome.
Most people live
with the infection without noticeable effect, but it can be life - threatening for people
with suppressed
immune systems, such as people on cancer
therapies or who have HIV / AIDS.
Now stem cells are being combined
with gene and
immune therapies, compounding the pace of progress.
These findings are the first to show that blood - forming stem cells can be modified
with a CAR
therapy that can safely engraft in the bone marrow, mature and become functional
immune cells throughout the body.
The prospect of combining genomically targeted
therapies with drugs that free the
immune system to attack cancer suggests «we are finally poised to deliver curative
therapies to cancer patients,» researchers at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center note in a review in the April 9 edition of Cell.