Building on this work, the team has now determined that there are seven areas in our DNA where differences in the genetic code are associated
with intracranial volume, which is the size of the skull cavity in which the brain resides.
Scientists collaborating across 250 institutions in 35 countries have identified variations of the genetic code that are associated
with intracranial volume, which is a reflection of the maximum brain volume an individual achieves over a lifetime.
Not exact matches
The study also showed that the genetic influences on intelligence are highly correlated
with genetic influences on educational attainment, and also, albeit less strongly,
with smoking cessation,
intracranial volume, head circumference in infancy, autism spectrum disorder and height.
Compared to controls, patients
with schizophrenia demonstrated smaller bilateral hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus and accumbens
volumes as well as
intracranial volume, but larger bilateral caudate, putamen, pallidum and lateral ventricle
volumes.
On average, males had larger absolute
volumes than females in the
intracranial space (12 %; > 14,000 brains), total brain (11 %; 2,523 brains), cerebrum (10 %; 1,851 brains), grey matter (9 %; 7,934 brains), white matter (13 %; 7,515 brains), regions filled
with cerebrospinal fluid (11.5 %; 4,484 brains), and cerebellum (9 %; 1,842 brains).
They examined the
intracranial volume of people
with and without the HD mutation enrolled in the PREDICT - HD study.
Intracranial volume robustly correlated positively
with age of onset of PTSD trauma (i.e., smaller brains were associated
with earlier onset of trauma) and negatively
with duration of abuse.
Maltreated subjects
with PTSD had 7.0 % smaller
intracranial and 8.0 % smaller cerebral
volumes than matched controls.