Sentences with phrase «with land surface air temperature»

This is likely caused, in part, by GISS masking sea surface temperature data in the polar oceans and replacing it with land surface air temperature data, which is naturally more volatile.

They then infill the Arctic and Southern Oceans with land surface air temperature data.

Not exact matches

The Tibetan Plateau in China experiences the strongest monsoon system on Earth, with powerful winds — and accompanying intense rains in the summer months — caused by a complex system of global air circulation patterns and differences in surface temperatures between land and oceans.

Sea - surface temperature is an important driver of the weather, and because the oceans change temperature very slowly compared with the air and land, they form a key, predictable component of seasonal forecasts.

However, for the globe as a whole, surface air temperatures over land have risen at about double the ocean rate after 1979 (more than 0.27 °C per decade vs. 0.13 °C per decade), with the greatest warming during winter (December to February) and spring (March to May) in the Northern Hemisphere.

Surface ocean temperatures along the West Coast have a strong influence on nearby land weather, affecting air temperatures, and they are closely linked with daily fog coverage.

Now since relative humidity remains roughly constant at the ocean surface and the air's capacity to hold water increases with temperature, relative humidity will actually decrease over land, particularly as one enters the continental interiors.

How to avoid problems with most land - based temperature weather stations: Use lighthouses as thermometers for accurate and unbiased measurement of surface air temperature.

With very few exceptions, collecting air surface temperature measurements over land is completely pointless.

where depending on the wind direction and time of year, the air that the temperature sensor monitors may transit a dirt road, crops, or other land surface varations, each with a different surface heat budget., before reaching the temperature observing site.

It's hard to imagine how Cowtan and Way could determine with any degree of certainty how «the hybrid method works best over land and most importantly sea ice» when there is so little surface air temperature data over sea ice.

Therefore, the best temperature observation for comparison with climate models probably falls between the meteorological station surface air analysis and the land — ocean temperature index.

For example, let's say that evidence convinced me (in a way that I wasn't convinced previously) that all recent changes in land surface temperatures and sea surface temperatures and atmospheric temperatures and deep sea temperatures and sea ice extent and sea ice volume and sea ice density and moisture content in the air and cloud coverage and rainfall and measures of extreme weather were all directly tied to internal natural variability, and that I can now see that as the result of a statistical modeling of the trends as associated with natural phenomena.

They avoid some of the issues in Millar by using more globally - representative surface temperature records, though they still use series that blend surface air temperatures over land with slower - warming sea surface temperatures over the ocean.

While consistent with the IPCC assessments of historical warming, it lacks coverage of much of the fast - warming Arctic region and blends surface air temperatures over land with slower - warming sea surface temperatures over the ocean.

These are created by combining ship - and buoy - based measurements of ocean sea surface temperatures with temperature readings of the surface air temperature from weather stations on land.

Average air temperature over the land and sea surface was 0.56 degrees Celsius above the long - term average, tied with 2010 as the joint warmest year on record.

Surface ocean temperatures along the West Coast have a strong influence on nearby land weather, affecting air temperatures, and they are closely linked with daily fog coverage.

Running four - month averages of anomalies over land areas for SW Europe with respect to 1981 - 2010 for precipitation, the relative humidity of surface air, the volumetric moisture content of the top 7 cm of soil and surface air temperature, based on monthly values from January 1979 to March 2018.

Running four - month averages of anomalies over land areas for NE Europe with respect to 1981 - 2010 for precipitation, the relative humidity of surface air, the volumetric moisture content of the top 7 cm of soil and surface air temperature, based on monthly values from January 1979 to March 2018.

Running four - month averages of anomalies over land areas for SW Europe with respect to 1981 - 2010 for precipitation, the relative humidity of surface air, the volumetric moisture content of the top 7 cm of soil and surface air temperature, based on monthly values from January 1979 to February 2018.

Running four - month averages of anomalies over land areas for NW Europe with respect to 1981 - 2010 for precipitation, the relative humidity of surface air, the volumetric moisture content of the top 7 cm of soil and surface air temperature, based on monthly values from January 1979 to February 2018.

«Causes of differences in model and satellite tropospheric warming rates» «Comparing tropospheric warming in climate models and satellite data» «Robust comparison of climate models with observations using blended land air and ocean sea surface temperatures» «Coverage bias in the HadCRUT4 temperature series and its impact on recent temperature trends» «Reconciling warming trends» «Natural variability, radiative forcing and climate response in the recent hiatus reconciled» «Reconciling controversies about the «global warming hiatus»»

Figure 2.4 (Folland et al., 2001) shows simulations of global land - surface air temperature anomalies in model runs forced with SST, with and without bias adjustments to the SST data before 1942.

The problem with this approach is that surface air temperatures behave differently over land and ocean, primarily due to the thermal inertia and mixing of the oceans.

Confirmation that these spatially and temporally complex adjustments are quite realistic globally is emerging from simulations of the Jones (1994) land - surface air temperature anomalies using the Hadley Centre atmospheric climate model HadAM3 forced with observed SST and sea - ice extents since 1871, updated from Rayner et al. (1996).

NCDC merges their Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature version 3b (ERSST.v3b) with the Global Historical Climatology Network - Monthly (GHCN - M) version 3.2.0 for land surface air temperSurface Temperature version 3b (ERSST.v3b) with the Global Historical Climatology Network - Monthly (GHCN - M) version 3.2.0 for land surface air tempersurface air temperatures.

aaron, all three datasets start with the same source data: land surface air temperatures and sea surface temperatures.

https://judithcurry.com/2016/02/10/are-land-sea-temperature-averages-meaningful/ Several of the major datasets that claim to represent «global average surface temperature» are directly or effectively averaging land air temperatures with sea surface temperatures.

Ocean surface temperatures increase 0,44 deg C, total global increase 0,55 deg C, land air increase 0,9 deg C, low troposphere (RSS and UAH) 0,44 deg C. I think you would get much of the same impression of the differences with a different timespan.

Combining this data with surface air temperature over land would avoid the problem identified by Cowtan and Way.

Cowtan and Way argued several years ago that much of the apparent discrepancy in trends at surface arose because the most common temperature series (HadCRUT4, GISS etc) spliced air temperature over land with sea surface temperatures.

Model studies suggest that a collapse of the AMOC could lead to a reduction in surface air temperature of around 1 - 3 °C in the North Atlantic region and surrounding land masses, but with local cooling of up to 8 °C in areas of increased sea ice (Vellinga and Wood, 2002; Vellinga et al 2002; Manabe and Stouffer; 1997; Jacob et al 2005).

Based on the understanding of both the physical processes that control key climate feedbacks (see Section 8.6.3), and also the origin of inter-model differences in the simulation of feedbacks (see Section 8.6.2), the following climate characteristics appear to be particularly important: (i) for the water vapour and lapse rate feedbacks, the response of upper - tropospheric RH and lapse rate to interannual or decadal changes in climate; (ii) for cloud feedbacks, the response of boundary - layer clouds and anvil clouds to a change in surface or atmospheric conditions and the change in cloud radiative properties associated with a change in extratropical synoptic weather systems; (iii) for snow albedo feedbacks, the relationship between surface air temperature and snow melt over northern land areas during spring and (iv) for sea ice feedbacks, the simulation of sea ice thickness.

Surface temperatures take longer to catch up while the oceans and land masses attempt to equalize with the air high above them and they probably never do fully.

Running four - month averages of anomalies over land areas for NE Europe with respect to 1981 - 2010 for precipitation, the relative humidity of surface air, the volumetric moisture content of the top 7 cm of soil and surface air temperature, based on monthly values from January 1979 to April 2018.

Running four - month averages of anomalies over land areas for NW Europe with respect to 1981 - 2010 for precipitation, the relative humidity of surface air, the volumetric moisture content of the top 7 cm of soil and surface air temperature, based on monthly values from January 1979 to April 2018.

Modelled surface air temperature increases in all regions and seasons, with most land areas warming more rapidly than the global average (Giorgi et al., 2001; Ruosteenoja et al., 2003).

In one simulation, the researchers covered much of the northern hemisphere (above 20 ° latitude) with forests and saw a jump in surface air temperature of more than 6 ° F. Covering the entire planet's land mass with trees led to a more modest increase of about 2 ° F.

Running four - month averages of anomalies over land areas for SE Europe with respect to 1981 - 2010 for precipitation, the relative humidity of surface air, the volumetric moisture content of the top 7 cm of soil and surface air temperature, based on monthly values from January 1979 to April 2018.

Running four - month averages of anomalies over land areas for SW Europe with respect to 1981 - 2010 for precipitation, the relative humidity of surface air, the volumetric moisture content of the top 7 cm of soil and surface air temperature, based on monthly values from January 1979 to April 2018.