Both the number and activity of osteoblasts — cells that produce and reshape bone tissue — were increased within the bone marrow of mice
with lung tumors compared with cancer - free animals; and reducing the number of osteoblasts in mice not only limited neutrophil infiltration of tumors but also interrupted tumor progression.
This soluble factor was found at higher levels in the blood of animals
with lung tumors, could increase the activation of osteoblasts and contributed to the maturation of neutrophils in cultured cells.
What choice did the owner make about the old lab
with the lung tumor?
Not exact matches
«Nonetheless, the proof of concept studies we have obtained thus far are extremely encouraging, and we are confident that
with proper support and efforts we could translate our findings into experimental therapeutics for a variety of solid
tumors that are driven by EphA2 overexpression, including breast,
lung, prostate, pancreatic, and ovarian cancers,» said Pellecchia, who serves as the founding director of the Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine at UCR.
«Indeed, in a second
tumor model of metastatic breast cancer, we demonstrated that mice treated
with the EphA2 - targeting paclitaxel conjugate presented nearly no
lung metastases, while a large numbers of lesions were observed in both untreated mice and in mice treated
with just paclitaxel.»
They discovered that YAP1 is present at higher levels and interacts
with OCT4 more in primary and metastatic
lung tumors than normal tissue.
Additionally,
lung cancer patients who have high levels of YAP1 in their
tumors are more likely to have a poorer prognosis than patients
with low levels of YAP1.
An old idea of retreating
lung tumors with radiation is new again, especially
with the technological advances seen in radiation oncology over the last decade.
In the Cell study, Dr. Massagué,
with Fellow Manuel Valiente, PhD, and other team members, found that in mouse models of breast and
lung cancer — two
tumor types that often spread to the brain — many cancer cells that enter the brain are killed by astrocytes.
If hypofractionated radiation
with curative intent can reduce the treatment time for
lung cancer patients by half
with no greater toxicity, and
with equivalent — if not better —
tumor control and survival outcomes, this research could result in a change in the paradigm of how a large subset of locally advanced NSCLC patients are treated.»
There is currently a PD - 1 antibody on the market that blocks T cell exhaustion in patients
with solid
tumors, like
lung cancer and melanoma.
The trial also recorded fewer cases of
lung cancer in those on the treatment, consistent
with basic research findings hinting that the same inflammatory pathway may initiate or spur
tumor growth.
Compared to a control (left), epalrestat treatment (right) reduces the number of metastatic
tumors (arrowheads) in the
lungs of mice injected
with human basal - like breast cancer cells.
The approach is already routine for some cancer patients, such as women and men
with breast cancer
tumors that have high levels of a protein called HER2, or
lung cancer
tumors with mutations in the EGFR gene.
Among patients
with non-small cell
lung cancer (NSCLC) fueled by ALK gene alterations who were being treated
with crizotinib (Xalkori), a decrease in the number of circulating
tumor cells (CTCs) harboring increased copies of the ALK gene over the first two months of treatment was associated
with increased progression - free survival.
«FDG PET shows
tumor DNA levels in blood are linked to NSCLC aggressiveness: Insights derived from FDG PET could improve treatment selection for patients
with advanced non-small cell
lung cancer.»
Italian researches have demonstrated a better way of determining the aggressiveness of
tumors in patients
with advanced non-small cell
lung cancer (NSCLC).
«It wasn't known whether miR - 486 functioned as an oncogene or a
tumor - suppressor gene in
lung cancer,» says co-corresponding author Patrick Nana - Sinkam, MD, associate professor of medicine and a researcher
with the OSUCCC — James Molecular Biology and Cancer Genetics Program.
Nana - Sinkam and his colleagues examined
lung -
tumor samples from 81 patients
with stage - 1 nonsmall - cell
lung cancer and
tumor - cell lines.
But
tumors from patients
with distant metastases to the
lung and liver showed massive epigenetic changes that mapped to large, blocklike segments of the genome, both in the distant metastases themselves and in the section, or «subclone,» of the primary
tumors they came from.
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations found in the circulating free
tumor DNA (ctDNA) from the plasma of advanced non-small cell
lung cancer (NSCLC) patients correlates well
with the EGFR mutations from patient - matched
tumor tissue DNA.
In the group that received targeted treatment for ALK - positive
lung cancer, each category of
tumor reduction was associated
with corresponding gains in PFS and OS.
«First - line immunotherapy treatment can improve survival for subset of
lung cancer patients: Results of phase III global clinical trial show that 75 percent of stage IV
lung cancer patients
with both complex
tumor mutations and PDL - 1 positive status respond to nivolumab.»
Partnering
with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration allowed Doebele and colleagues to access clinical trial data describing initial
tumor response, PFS and OS for 305 patients
with stage IIIb or IV non-small cell
lung cancer on trials of ALK inhibitors and 355 similar patients on trials of immunotherapies directed at PD - 1.
Researchers identified 1,661 differentially expressed gene features between
tumors and airways compared
with normal
lung tissue.
Examination of gene expression in patients
with non-small cell
lung cancer (NSCLC) showed the area adjacent to
tumors is rich
with cancer markers.
«Our findings indicate the existence of long - distance interactions between
lung tumors and bones:
lung tumors remotely activate osteoblasts, and those bone cells, in turn, shape immunity by supplying
tumors with cancer - promoting neutrophils,» says Pittet, who is an associate professor of Radiology at Harvard Medical School.
Keytruda is the first approved drug that targets
tumors with specific biomarkers, rather than based solely on their tissue origin (i.e. breast,
lung, or colon).
The cells exhibited many functions associated
with tumor progression; their presence within mouse
tumors substantially accelerated cancer growth, and in human
lung tumors, a SiglecFhigh neutrophil signature was associated
with poor patient survival.
Results of an initial study of
tumors from patients
with lung cancer or head and neck cancer suggest that the widespread acquired resistance to immunotherapy drugs known as checkpoint inhibitors may be due to the elimination of certain genetic mutations needed to enable the immune system to recognize and attack malignant cells.
To investigate why checkpoint inhibitors so often stop working, Velculescu; Valsamo Anagnostou, M.D., Ph.D., instructor of oncology at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Kellie N. Smith, Ph.D., a cancer immunology research associate at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; and their colleagues at the Bloomberg ~ Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy studied
tumors of four patients
with non-small cell
lung cancer and one patient
with head and neck cancer who developed resistance to two different checkpoint inhibitors: a drug called nivolumab that uses an antibody called anti-PD-1, or nivolumab used alone or in combination
with a second drug called ipilimumab, which uses an antibody called anti-CTLA4.
Among
lung cancer patients; suicide SMR was higher in males (SMR = 8.8), Asians (SMR = 13.7), widowed patients (SMR = 11.6), older patients (70 - 75 years; SMR = 12), patients
with undifferentiated
tumors (SMR 8.6) or small cell
lung carcinoma (SCLC) histology (SMR = 11.2), patients presenting
with metastatic disease (SMR = 13.9) and in patients who refused to receive surgical treatment (SMR = 13).
Suicide risk is highest among
lung cancer patients, particularly older patients, widowed, males, and patients
with unfavorable
tumor characteristics.
In a study of 124 patients
with advanced breast,
lung, and prostate cancers, a new, high - intensity genomic sequencing approach detected circulating
tumor DNA at a high rate.
Mice injected
with breast cancer cells making lots of a long strand of RNA called HOTAIR developed 10 times as many
lung tumors as controls (left) did.
«In our practice, we recommend that all patients
with baseline EGFR T790M identified in their
lung tumor tissue be referred to clinical genetics to discuss EGFR T790M germline testing.
The results from our new study suggest that entinostat may enhance the anti-tumor efficacy of PD - 1 targeted therapy through MDSC targeting, potentially providing an effective combination treatment approach for patients
with solid
tumors, including
lung and renal cell carcinoma.»
The quest to improve survival of children
with a high - risk brain
tumor has led St. Jude Children's Research Hospital investigators to two drugs already used to treat adults
with breast, pancreatic,
lung and other cancers.
His team has recently reported that melanoma and
lung cancer patients
with more neoantigen - coding
tumor mutations are more likely to respond to immune checkpoint blockers.
Researchers are rooting out these primary
tumors, many of them found in the gastrointestinal tract or the
lungs,
with combined positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET / CT), which provides both functional and structural imaging of the body.
«BMI1 plays a substantial role in many solid
tumors, including one of the most aggressive models of
lung cancer, and its expression is linked
with tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, prognosis and recurrence,» Levantini said.
Such a positive survival rate is encouraging considering that historically conventional RT resulted in poor
tumor control for patients
with inoperable
lung cancer.
He is working closely
with a team of physicians at the UNM Cancer Center to conduct these trials: M. Omar Chohan, MD, a neurosurgeon who specializes in surgery for
tumors of the brain and spinal cord; Gregory Gan, MD, PhD, a radiation oncologist who is an expert in the radiation therapy of brain
tumors; and Yanis Boumber, MD, PhD, a newly recruited medical oncologist to the UNM Cancer Center who is an expert in cancers of the
lung, brain and spinal cord, and early phase clinical trials.
«Historically, when treating early
lung cancer
with radiotherapy, progression at the site of the primary
tumor was the most common failure resulting in suffering and death,» said lead study author Robert Timmerman, MD, professor and vice chair of the department of radiation oncology at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas.
When the researchers administered daily doses of BCX to mice before and after they injected the rodents
with a nicotine - derived carcinogen, they found that the mice treated
with BCX had fewer
lung tumors than those that got no BCX.
Collectively, our results indicated that RASSF1 acts to restrict EMT and invasion by indirectly controlling YAP nuclear shuttling and activation through a RhoB - regulated cytoskeletal remodeling process,
with potential implications to delay the progression of RASSF1 - hypermethylated
lung tumors.
An anti-PD-1 antibody developed by Bristol - Myers Squibb generates excitement
with results from a phase I trial showing that, among 236 patients
with various types of cancer, the treatment shrank
tumors in 28 percent of melanoma patients, 30 percent of patients
with kidney cancer, and 18 percent of patients
with advanced non-small cell
lung cancer.
For more information regarding Bristol - Myers Squibb Clinical Trial participation, please visit www.BMSStudyConnect.com Inclusion Criteria: • Early stage IB - IIIA, operable non-small cell
lung cancer, confirmed in tissue • Lung function capacity capable of tolerating the proposed lung surgery • Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status of 0 - 1 • Available tissue of primary lung tumor Exclusion Criteria: • Presence of locally advanced, inoperable or metastatic disease • Participants with active, known or suspected autoimmune disease • Prior treatment with any drug that targets T cell co-stimulations pathways (such as checkpoint inhibitors) Other protocol defined inclusion / exclusion criteria could a
lung cancer, confirmed in tissue •
Lung function capacity capable of tolerating the proposed lung surgery • Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status of 0 - 1 • Available tissue of primary lung tumor Exclusion Criteria: • Presence of locally advanced, inoperable or metastatic disease • Participants with active, known or suspected autoimmune disease • Prior treatment with any drug that targets T cell co-stimulations pathways (such as checkpoint inhibitors) Other protocol defined inclusion / exclusion criteria could a
Lung function capacity capable of tolerating the proposed
lung surgery • Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status of 0 - 1 • Available tissue of primary lung tumor Exclusion Criteria: • Presence of locally advanced, inoperable or metastatic disease • Participants with active, known or suspected autoimmune disease • Prior treatment with any drug that targets T cell co-stimulations pathways (such as checkpoint inhibitors) Other protocol defined inclusion / exclusion criteria could a
lung surgery • Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status of 0 - 1 • Available tissue of primary
lung tumor Exclusion Criteria: • Presence of locally advanced, inoperable or metastatic disease • Participants with active, known or suspected autoimmune disease • Prior treatment with any drug that targets T cell co-stimulations pathways (such as checkpoint inhibitors) Other protocol defined inclusion / exclusion criteria could a
lung tumor Exclusion Criteria: • Presence of locally advanced, inoperable or metastatic disease • Participants
with active, known or suspected autoimmune disease • Prior treatment
with any drug that targets T cell co-stimulations pathways (such as checkpoint inhibitors) Other protocol defined inclusion / exclusion criteria could apply
IHC - P mouse
tumor tissue (from
lung)
with human cell line injected, some muscle tissue attached as well sees high background for human cellswith priamry Ab as well as isotype ctrl, but also for muscle (does not contain any EGF) Ab: 1 ug /...
They found that early phenformin treatment causes increased survival and slower
tumor progression in
tumors lacking LKB1, but had no significant benefit for
tumors with alterations in other
lung cancer genes.