And in analyses of soil and lake sediment cores, researchers have found chemical and paleoecological clues indicating that Norse farmers skillfully maintained pastures
with manure fertilizer and irrigation ditches.
Not exact matches
My only
fertilizer is composted cow
manure which I prepare myself on a year - round basis in several stages, re-tilling and amending the beds every three years
with the compost I create myself!
In most gardens, compost and small amounts of aged
manure are enough, or you can fertilize
with diluted 20-20-20
fertilizers such as Miracle Gro or Peters.
Synthetic
fertilizer is available as a variety of commercial products,
with different nitrogen - release times, whereas
manure and pulse crops need to be broken down by microbial decomposition before nitrogen becomes available.
The research carried out by the Departments of Geological and Mining Engineering and Agricultural Production of UPM shows that the biochar produced from
manure of cattle, pigs and chicken is an organic
fertilizer with a high content of nutrients, stabilized organic material and high values of cation exchange capacity.
Phosphorus seeps into soils primarily by way of
fertilizer and
manure, and what crops and other plants don't use to grow then leaks into waterways
with rain and snowmelt runoff.
Rather, greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture would drop by 28 percent without farmed animals because of increases associated
with producing additional food crops and the use of more synthetic
fertilizer to replace
manure.
And it's not like so - called organic agriculture is helping
with that: Nitrate leaching into waterways can come from
manure, as in the Netherlands or overuse of
fertilizer, as in Iowa.
Like teacher union spin,
manure comes
with many different names — dung,
fertilizer, cowplop, etc..
Perhaps instead of focusing on regulation and instead focusing on incenting positive behavior, we could get more digesters in place which would produce clean energy, reduce the amount of nitrogen and other nutrient pollution and provide farmers
with another couple sources of revenue (electricity sales, fiber bedding sales (or savings) and increased
fertilizer value of the liquid digestate as compared to raw
manure.
Promising soil management techniques include controlled grazing; mulching
with organic matter; applying
manure and biosolids; use of cover crops in the rotation cycle; agroforestry; contour farming; hedgerows; terracing; plastic mulch for erosion control; no - till or conservation tillage; retention of crop residue; appropriate use of water and irrigation; and integrated nutrient management, including the judicious use of chemical
fertilizers.
The study compared a conventional farm that used recommended
fertilizer and pesticide applications
with an organic animal - based farm (where
manure was applied) and an organic legume - based farm (that used a three - year rotation of hairy vetch / corn and rye / soybeans and wheat).
Further subprograms are currently under development, including for the promotion of nitrification inhibitors used in combination
with organic
fertilizers (
manure).
George Kuepper, an agriculture specialist
with the National Center for Appropriate Technology, observed in a 2003 report that composting
manure actually concentrates the
fertilizer's metal content, which could lead to greater levels of the contaminants in organic soil.
Scientists have known since the 1920s that organic
fertilizers used by farmers to supplement conventional systems — composted animal
manure, rock phosphates, fish emulsions, guano, wood ashes, etc. — further contaminate topsoil
with varying concentrations of heavy metals.
With the exception of salmon, they also tend to have the worst environmental impacts, because producing them requires the most resources - mainly chemical
fertilizer, feed, fuel, pesticides and water - and pound for pound, they generate more polluting
manure.
Perhaps most significantly, by replacing
manure with artificial
fertilizers made from natural gas, food production exploded and
with it, the population.
Visions of farmers driving their fully functioning
manure spreaders spewing waste far and wide across their fields comes to mind,
with the ORE bureaucrats being the farmers / drivers, the untreated flying - for - a-short-spurt «
fertilizer» (the by - products of cud - chewing mindless eat - almost - anything grazers) being amateur registrants and the fields being the hopeful but ignorant consumers upon which the
fertilizer falls willy - nilly depending upon which way the wind is blowing.