These psychologic impairments may create difficulties with mother - child bonding, 7,8 and they may also affect breastfeeding.9 — 14 The underlying neuroendocrine mechanism linking breastfeeding difficulties
with maternal mood has not been studied.
Not exact matches
Depressed
mood and marital conflict: relations to
maternal and paternal intrusiveness
with one - year - old infants.
The long - term goal of Dr. Aleeca Bell's research program is to promote optimal birth & exemplary birth care by understanding the biological underpinnings linking the birth experience
with maternal - child outcomes, such as postpartum
mood and mother - infant interaction.
What implications do altered
maternal sensitivity (associated
with depressed
mood) to infant crying have for infant and young child development?
Post-partum depression poses substantial adverse consequences for mothers and their infants via multiple direct biological (i.e., medication exposure,
maternal genetic factors) and environmental (i.e., life with a depressed mother) mechanisms.8, 9 From the earliest newborn period, infants are very sensitive to the emotional states of their mothers and other caregivers.10, 11 Maternal mood and behaviour appear to compromise infant social, emotional and cognitive functioning.11 - 15 As children grow, the impact of maternal mental illness appears as cognitive compromise, insecure attachment and behavioural difficulties during the preschool and school periods.6
maternal genetic factors) and environmental (i.e., life
with a depressed mother) mechanisms.8, 9 From the earliest newborn period, infants are very sensitive to the emotional states of their mothers and other caregivers.10, 11
Maternal mood and behaviour appear to compromise infant social, emotional and cognitive functioning.11 - 15 As children grow, the impact of maternal mental illness appears as cognitive compromise, insecure attachment and behavioural difficulties during the preschool and school periods.6
Maternal mood and behaviour appear to compromise infant social, emotional and cognitive functioning.11 - 15 As children grow, the impact of
maternal mental illness appears as cognitive compromise, insecure attachment and behavioural difficulties during the preschool and school periods.6
maternal mental illness appears as cognitive compromise, insecure attachment and behavioural difficulties during the preschool and school periods.6,16 - 19
For instance, in a study of American children (aged 9 - 11 years), researchers found that kids
with secure attachment relationships — and greater levels of
maternal support — showed «higher levels of positive
mood, more constructive coping, and better regulation of emotion in the classroom.»
That said, there is research that suggests a heightened risk of negative
maternal mood associated
with «poor» infant sleep which serves as a risk factor for
maternal depression and family stress [6].
I know it would be a heck of a lot easier to do that, but every time I share my story one on one
with a friend, they tell me about their experience of having friends or family members
with some type of
maternal mood disorder ranging from the baby blues to depression.
A history of short breastfeeding or not breastfeeding is associated
with postpartum depression.1 This condition affects approximately 7 — 15 % of women in the first 3 months after birth and may result in
maternal anxiety, depressed
mood, poor concentration, and hyperawareness of pain.
Although recommended for GDM treatment, guidelines do not specify the type of physical activity or its timing in regards to meal intake.66 67 Aerobic and resistance exercise can be accomplished during pregnancy in the absence of contraindications, 68 but motivation, compliance, perceived health and lack of time appear to be major limiting factors.48 69 A recent review concluded that physical activity, both aerobic and resistance exercise, may improve glycaemic control and / or limit insulin use in women
with GDM.70 Regular physical activity can also limit pregnancy weight gain, stabilise
maternal mood and reduce fetal fat mass (FM) and physiological stress responses in the offspring.27 69 71
A lack of differences between the COPE and control group mothers
with respect to state anxiety and negative
mood state during hospitalization may be attributable to the fact that the length of hospital stay for this full - scale clinical trial was approximately one - half of that in our pilot study.6 There might not have been enough time to demonstrate the positive effects of the COPE program on
maternal anxiety and
mood state during the short course of hospitalization in this trial.
This increase in risk in the very preterm group is consistent
with the sparse literature describing the association between gestational age and parent's mental health, where others have also suggested that degree of prematurity is an important factor for
maternal depressive symptoms.41 Suggested antecedents of PD include a trigger event resulting in a stress (fight or flight) response, symptoms (eg, fatigue), perceived loss of control and ineffective coping.10 This may fit the pattern of parents who experience a very preterm baby leading to an increased risk of PD, and this PD may result in symptoms that would more commonly be recognised as symptoms of postnatal depression or
mood disorder (such as anxiety, depression, withdrawal from others and hopelessness).
Depression is one of the most prevalent
mood disorders among mothers,
with about one in five mothers experiencing clinical levels of depression in their lifetimes.1
Maternal depression is linked
with a host of negative outcomes for children.
Studies of Child Care Settings Mothers who are responsive and sensitive — that is, who respond consistently and appropriately to their child's social bids and initiate interactions geared to the child's capacities, intentions,
moods, goals, and developmental level — are most likely to have children
with secure
maternal attachments (Belsky, Rovine, and Taylor, 1984).
Although several forms of intervention have proved beneficial for mothers
with PND, none has been shown to have enduring effects on
maternal mood, and there is limited evidence that any intervention improves the long - term course of child development.
There are several well conducted naturalistic studies of the impact of PND on the mother - child relationship, and the architecture of parenting disturbances in this context is now well understood; similarly, the evidence on the consequences of PND for child development is detailed and robust.5 There have also been several randomized controlled trials of the impact of treatment on PND.7, 8 However, the treatment trials have almost all had limited follow up and have principally been concerned
with the impact on
maternal mood rather than on the quality of the mother - child relationship and child development outcome.
Few studies have specifically addressed this issue.14, 15 A large scale randomized control trial (RCT) comparing CBT, counselling and psychoanalytic therapy
with routine care found that, while all active treatments were moderately effective in treating depression and brought about short term benefits in the quality of the mother - infant relationship, there was limited evidence of benefit to infant outcome; and effects (including those on
maternal mood) were not apparent at follow - up.16, 17 Similarly, a recent RCT found that, although interpersonal psychotherapy was effective in treating
maternal depression, there was no benefit in terms of observed mother - infant interactions, infant negative emotionality, and infant attachment security.18
Most studies of the treatment of PND have been concerned
with its impact on
maternal mood.
A number of treatments have been shown to be effective in helping mothers
with PND recover from their
mood disorder, though none has yet to be shown to be superior to any other, and there is no evidence for long - term benefits to
maternal mood.
Results indicate
maternal mood in mothers attending Mellow Babies improved,
with a significant difference in EPDS scores, relative to the control group, at follow - up.
Results Adolescents» perceptions of
maternal psychological control were associated
with greater depressed
mood regardless of age and gender.
Adolescents» perceptions of
maternal acceptance were associated
with less depressed
mood, particularly for girls and
with better self - efficacy for diabetes management, particularly for older adolescents and girls.
Centralize latest research on proven therapies in addition to drug therapy and psychotherapy and encourage insurers to cover these alternatives for
maternal anxiety and
mood disorders when appropriate, including treatments like: Electro Convulsive Therapy, Sleep Therapies, Omega 3s, Mindfulness Meditation, Outdoor Walking
with Other Moms, and more.
Maternal depressed
mood was significantly and positively associated
with children's level of depressive phenomena.
Several smaller studies have investigated the relationship of paternal and child mental health, and they have reported related findings among children of different ages than those in the study reported in this article.14, — , 21 One study found an association between paternal depression and excessive infant crying.45 Another study found that children aged 9 to 24 months
with depressed fathers are more likely to show speech and language delays, 19,21 whereas another study reported that children aged 2 years
with depressed fathers tended to be less compliant
with parental guidance.17 Among children aged 4 to 6 years, paternal depression has been found to be associated
with increases in problems
with prosocial behaviors and peer problems.15 Only 1 other study we are aware of was population based; it was from England and investigated related issues among much younger children, 23 demonstrating that both
maternal and paternal depressive symptoms predicted increased child
mood and emotional problems at 6 and 24 months of age.
It has been reported that
maternal PPD is a predictor of paternal one since the first is higher during the three months postpartum.8 Based on the existing knowledge of
maternal PPD, literature suggests that also paternal PPD could be related
with hormonal changes regarding alteration of testosterone, estrogen, vasopressin, prolactin and cortisol levels.10 In addition to
mood disturbances, high parenting distress levels could also be considered a important factor compromising the parenting competence and the daily child care.17 Parenting stress is a construct related to the parent role and influenced by expectations and perceptions of child characteristics, parent characteristics and parental - infant interaction quality.
The timing and duration of depressive symptoms are likely to be associated
with a varying risk of
mood - related adverse outcomes relevant to
maternal and child health.
The results suggest that infant sleep is a vector by which
maternal cognitions and
mood are transmitted to her child,
with long - term implications for psychological development.