So far, no monkey or ape babies have been born
with microcephaly from Zika.
Not exact matches
The number of babies born
with microcephaly in northeast Brazil, the country hardest hit by the Zika outbreak, has increased about 40-fold
from baseline levels in the last six months, according to reports
from Brazil's Ministry of Health.
Brazil said on Friday the number of confirmed and suspected cases of
microcephaly in Brazil associated
with the Zika virus has risen to 5,131
from 4,976 a week earlier.
One in 150 babies in the U.S. is born
with a congenital CMV infection, and of those, one in five suffers
from complications, according to the CDC, which can include including hearing loss, vision loss, cerebral palsy, cognitive impairments and
microcephaly.
To build their tool, Alison Galvani,
from Yale University in New Haven, USA, and colleagues focused on the two known serious consequences of Zika infection:
microcephaly, a condition in which children are born
with a small brain causing mental impairment, and Guillain - Barré syndrome or GBS, a potentially fatal disease that can cause neural damage and paralysis.
Data
from the Brazilian metropolis have confirmed this suspicion and, together
with other studies, enable the researchers to estimate the absolute risk of
microcephaly upon infection of the mother during pregnancy: approximately one out of 100 mothers infected during early pregnancy will bear a child
with microcephaly.
For example, to understand why a fetal brain sometimes doesn't reach full size, a condition called
microcephaly, the researchers grew organoids using iPS cells derived
from a person
with the condition.
These findings may correlate
with disrupted brain development, but direct evidence for a link between Zika virus and
microcephaly is more likely to come
from clinical studies, the researchers say.
In another paper, published yesterday in Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, researchers
from Brazil and the United States report that Zika virus was present in brain tissue
from two newborns in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Norte who were born
with microcephaly and died a few hours after birth.
Petersen's remarks were among the strongest suggestions yet
from a top CDC scientist that Zika infection during pregnancy can — at least in some cases — cause
microcephaly, a condition in which infants are born
with abnormally small heads and possibly brain damage.
Researchers have already documented an increase of
microcephaly cases coinciding
with the outbreak and have found evidence of the virus in brains of newborns who died, as well as in fluid
from the placenta of infected pregnant women.
In November, Brazilian researchers detected the Zika virus genome in amniotic fluid samples
from two women whose fetuses were been diagnosed
with microcephaly by ultrasound exams, the Pan American Health Organization reported.
The rate of infants and fetuses who had
microcephaly in Colombia
from 2015 to the end of 2016 is shown
with a dotted line.
When created
from the stem cells of a patient
with microcephaly, the brains - in - a-dish resembled that often - fatal condition; those created
from cells of patients
with severe autism indicated that out - of - control neuron growth is the underlying cause of that disorder.
Health authorities,
with support
from PAHO and other agencies, are conducting research to clarify the cause, risk factors, and consequences of
microcephaly.
Contracted through the bite of an infected mosquito or through sexual or other modes of transmission, Zika virus (ZIKV) infection can be prenatally passed
from mother to fetus.1 The virus was first identified in the region of the Americas in early 2015, when local transmission was reported in Brazil.2 Six months later, a notable increase in the number of infants
with congenital
microcephaly was observed in northeast Brazil.3, 4 Clinical, epidemiologic, and laboratory evidence led investigators to conclude that intrauterine ZIKV infection was a cause of
microcephaly and serious brain anomalies.5 - 7 However, as
with other newly recognized teratogens, these features likely represent a portion of a broader spectrum.
Although many of the components of this syndrome, such as cognitive, sensory, and motor disabilities, are shared by other congenital infections, 5 features differentiate CZS
from other congenital infections: (1) severe
microcephaly with partially collapsed skull; (2) thin cerebral cortices
with subcortical calcifications; (3) macular scarring and focal pigmentary retinal mottling; (4) congenital contractures; and (5) marked early hypertonia
with symptoms of extrapyramidal involvement (Table).
s many as 6 percent of children born
with Zika - induced
microcephaly may have hearing loss, a new study
from Brazil suggests.