Again we can exclude cells
with ocean data, and again this shows increased warming.
(pedants should note that in the above graph «cells
with ocean data» means «cells
with ocean data and where the nearest land station to the cell's centre is more than 100 km away»)
The consistency of this work in itself (beautifully),
with ocean data, satellite data and prior UHI and land use change work from Pielke, McKitrick and others may actually warrant to use these results for improvment of the amplification factor estimation
The main problem
with ocean data is quite simply that it does not exist for much of the ocean surface before the satellite era.
Green Sand, some issues
with ocean data are mentioned on this thread, i will pick up this subject in more depth at a later time https://judithcurry.com/2010/10/17/overconfidence-in-ipccs-detection-and-attribution-part-i/
Does it line up
with our ocean data sets, our satellite data sets, boreholes and our 100s of records of changes in species behaviour and phenology.
Not exact matches
And in many, many cases — such as
with ocean temperatures, rising sea levels, or ice shelf traveling speeds — scientists have recorded the
data for decades, systematically, consistently, and
with precision.
Saildrone's fleet of sailboats — which are outfitted
with dozens of sensors, measurement tools, and cameras — can capture
data on fish and wildlife populations, environmental health,
ocean temperatures, weather, and climate change.
Cyber policies continue to be written
with very little actuarial information, not because the
data isn't available; security systems gush
oceans of
data on a daily basis.
Access to our
data for Indian
Ocean Consulting is only available to paid subscribers
with BNiQ access.
One futuristic way to chill a
data center
with seawater is to build the facility in the
ocean itself.
Asked how he's enjoying the gig so far, Ghaffary recalls a recent meeting
with portfolio company Saildrone, an autonomous drone startup that's collecting
ocean data and has raised roughly $ 28 million to date.
Whether you're looking for online analytical tools to help you contextualize an
ocean of
data or social media tools to help you pre-schedule and automate social media posts throughout the year or online content marketing tools to help you come up
with a list of killer blog titles, there's....
A few years ago the New England fishing fleets were in despair because the fish were nowhere to be found; a biologist, who had been making a laboratory study of the temperature of fishes» stomachs, combined his
data with some
ocean temperature
data and correctly suggested where the missing creatures might be found.
Paleoclimate
data point to a warm tropical
ocean with a clear east - west temperature gradient during the warm climates of the Pliocene and Miocene.
The military uses the microwave information to detect
ocean wind speeds to feed into weather models, among other uses, but the
data happen to be nearly perfect for sensing sea ice, says Walt Meier, a sea - ice specialist
with the NSIDC.
NoMelt's
ocean bottom seismometer array,
with the assistance of Lamont's seismic research ship the Marcus G. Langseth, recorded
data from earthquakes and other seismic sources from the middle of the plate over the span of a year.
The team, led by Dr Kira Rehfeld and Dr Thomas Laepple, compared the Greenland
data with that from sediments collected in several
ocean regions around the globe, as well as from ice - core samples gathered in the Antarctic.
And other
data suggest that this
ocean sits on a rocky mantle that could be dotted
with hydrothermal vents — potential hotspots for life.
It's coincidentally one of the best - studied
ocean regions in the world,
with data on plankton going back over 50 years.
Scientists wire the
oceans with data cables, permanent observatories, and robots that can roam for years
They are gathering and transmitting
data that's providing scientists
with the clearest - ever pictures of the hitherto - unfathomed extent of
ocean warming.
We analyzed 7.2 terabases of metagenomic
data from 243 Tara
Oceans samples from 68 locations in epipelagic and mesopelagic waters across the globe to generate an
ocean microbial reference gene catalog
with > 40 million nonredundant, mostly novel sequences from viruses, prokaryotes, and picoeukaryotes.
Analyzing
data collected over a 20 - month period, scientists from NASA's Goddard Space Flight center in Greenbelt, Md., and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology found that the number of cirrus clouds above the Pacific
Ocean declines
with warmer sea surface temperatures.
By combining this
data with Ridgwell's global climate model, the team deduced the amount of carbon added to the
ocean and atmosphere and concluded that volcanic activity during the opening of the North Atlantic was the dominant force behind the PETM.
Real - world
data back the claim: Accumulations of calcium carbonate in deep - sea Pacific sediments show that the Pliocene
ocean experienced huge shifts at the time,
with waters churning all the way from the surface down to about three kilometers deep, as would be expected from a conveyor belt — type circulation.
Yet, this model of the quake does not match up well
with the information from the
ocean floor sensors — incorporating that
data into future computer simulations should give a better picture of what actually happened during the massive tectonic event.
And Sawe has started working
with the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute to explore some of their Pacific
Ocean data for another
data sonification project down the road that could add another song to the soundtrack of climate change.
As Stephen C. Riser and M. Susan Lozier note in their February 2013 Scientific American article, «Rethinking the Gulf Stream,» «A comparison of the Argo
data with ocean observations from the 1980s, carried out by Dean Roemmich and John Gilson of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, shows that the upper few hundred meters of the
oceans have warmed by about 0.2 degree C in the past 20 years.
With eruptions of ice and water vapor, and an
ocean covered by an ice shell, Saturn's moon Enceladus is one of the most fascinating in the Solar System, especially as interpretations of
data provided by the Cassini spacecraft have been contradictory until now.
Goddard's computer models,
with input from
ocean buoys, atmospheric models, satellite
data and other sources, can also simulate what
ocean water temperatures could do in the coming months.
The
ocean of
data on the topic is vast, swelling, and teeming
with sharp contradictions.
Equipped
with scuba - diving gear off the coast of Motobu Peninsula in Okinawa, Japan, scientists from the United States and Japan carried parts of a machine that is one of the first to serve as an underwater observatory that monitors temperature, salinity, and other chemical, physical and biological
data in the Pacific
Ocean.
Now, Waite is interested in applying mass spectrometry to determine Europa's surface composition,
data that could clarify how the moon's icy surface interacts
with the liquid
oceans below.
«Based on the
data that they have, even though it's circumstantial, it's a nice story,» says Richard Thomson, a physical oceanographer at Fisheries and
Oceans Canada who was not involved
with the study.
«Thanks to the sediment core
data, we have clear evidence that, during the last interglacial roughly 125,000 years ago, the central Arctic
Ocean was still covered
with sea ice during the summer.
Combining the seismic
data with measurements from sediment samples previously retrieved from this region through
ocean drilling, they found that while the thickness of the incoming sediment is similar offshore of Washington and Oregon, the compaction is very different.
Today in Science he and his colleagues report that they've used their technique in conjunction
with metagenome sequencing, in which researchers sequence vast swaths of genome
data from unknown organisms in the
ocean and soil.
This estimate was compared
with results from an
ocean model -
data synthesis from ECMWF and a leading atmospheric model -
data synthesis produced in the US.
Invasive species are entering the region
with or without shipping, says Ted Scambos of the National Snow and Ice
Data Center in Colorado; warming of the Arctic
Ocean's surface temperatures has already increased mixing
with foreign waters and all the microbes they contain.
«By visualizing the
data with TrackPlot, we can actually see how the whale moves underwater and this enables us to discover different kinds of foraging behaviors,» said lead author Colin Ware of the University of New Hampshire's Center for Coastal and
Ocean Mapping.
NEPTUNE Canada is the leading effort to wire a wide region of
ocean floor
with multiple sensors, making real - time, interactive
data streams freely available to anyone online.
To develop the model, they compared historic fire
data from NASA's Terra satellite
with sea surface temperature
data in the tropical Pacific and North Atlantic
oceans from buoys and satellite images compiled by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
The researchers» forecasts are based on the AWI's BRIOS (Bremerhaven Regional Ice -
Ocean Simulations) model, a coupled ice - ocean model that the team forced with atmospheric data from the SRES - A1B climate scenario, created at Britain's Met Office Hadley Centre in Ex
Ocean Simulations) model, a coupled ice -
ocean model that the team forced with atmospheric data from the SRES - A1B climate scenario, created at Britain's Met Office Hadley Centre in Ex
ocean model that the team forced
with atmospheric
data from the SRES - A1B climate scenario, created at Britain's Met Office Hadley Centre in Exeter.
That was the bump that some of those climate scientists were trying to get rid of [in the temperature
data], but it was a real bump, and I think it was associated
with these
ocean oscillations.
The quarrel began
with a paper by NOAA scientists published 5 June in Science that revised historical atmosphere and
ocean temperature
data records found to have been poorly calibrated.
Analysing new
data from marine sediment cores taken from the deep South Atlantic, between the southern tip of South America and the southern tip of Africa, the researchers discovered that during the last ice age, deep
ocean currents in the South Atlantic varied essentially in unison
with Greenland ice - core temperatures.
An international team of researchers analyzed the available
data taken from all previous studies of the Southern
Ocean, together
with satellite images taken of the area, to quantify the amount of iron supplied to the surface waters of the Southern
Ocean.
The researchers combined
data gathered from the buoys between 2002 and 2015
with satellite estimates of ice thickness in this region to better understand changes affecting the Arctic
Ocean in recent years.
To better understand the physical mechanisms of rapid
ocean adjustment, the
data was compared
with a climate model simulation which covers the same period.