And this is just one element in the sea level rise — small ice caps are melting faster, thermal expansion will increase in line
with ocean heat content changes and Antarctic ice sheets are also losing mass.
Gavin - Here is Climate Science's follow up to your continued refusal to update the GISS model comparison
with the ocean heat content change data — http://climatesci.org/2008/05/26/challenge-to-real-climate-on-their-prediction-of-global-warming/.
Gavin - Here is Climate Science's follow up to your continued refusal to update the GISS model comparison
with the ocean heat content change data — http://climatesci.org/2008/05/26/challenge-to-real-climate-on-their-prediction-of-global-warming/.
Not exact matches
However, radiation
changes at the top of the atmosphere from the 1980s to 1990s, possibly related in part to the El Niño - Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, appear to be associated
with reductions in tropical upper - level cloud cover, and are linked to
changes in the energy budget at the surface and
changes in observed
ocean heat content.
However, lacking global observations of surface mass and
ocean heat content capable of resolving year to year variations
with sufficient accuracy, comprehensive diagnosis of the events early in the altimetry record (e.g. such as determining the relative roles of thermal expansion versus mass
changes) has remained elusive.
From 1992 to 2003, the decadal
ocean heat content changes (blue), along
with the contributions from melting glaciers, ice sheets, and sea ice and small contributions from land and atmosphere warming, suggest a total warming (red) for the planet of 0.6 ± 0.2 W / m2 (95 % error bars).
Nations of the world have launched a cooperative program to measure
changing ocean heat content, distributing more than 3000 Argo floats around the world
ocean,
with each float repeatedly diving to a depth of 2 km and back [66].
Observed
changes in
ocean heat content have now been shown to be inconsistent
with simulated natural climate variability, but consistent
with a combination of natural and anthropogenic influences both on a global scale, and in individual
ocean basins.
The
ocean heat content analysis by Barnett (and in other groups) show that the
changes are most consistent
with the GHGs becoming increasingly dominant over this time.
The key points of the paper are that: i) model simulations
with 20th century forcings are able to match the surface air temperature record, ii) they also match the measured
changes of
ocean heat content over the last decade, iii) the implied planetary imbalance (the amount of excess energy the Earth is currently absorbing) which is roughly equal to the
ocean heat uptake, is significant and growing, and iv) this implies both that there is significant
heating «in the pipeline», and that there is an important lag in the climate's full response to
changes in the forcing.
Looking at the surface temperature and the
ocean heat content changes together though allows us to pin down the total unrealised forcing (the net radiation imbalance) and demonstrate that the models are consistent
with both the surface and
ocean changes.
Previous work by Barnett's group showed that coupled models when forced
with greenhouse gases did give
ocean heat content changes similar to that shown in the data.
If you can't keep up
with annual - decadal
changes in the TOA radiative imbalance or
ocean heat content (because of failure to correctly model
changes in the atmosphere and
ocean due to natural variability), then your climate model lacks fidelity to the real world system it is tasked to represent.
Gavin, you forget the Hadcm3 model tests
with 10 x solar and 5 x volcanic, which found that the model probably underestimates solar variations
with a factor 2... Btw, the largest
changes in the
ocean heat content are found in the (sub) tropics, where insolation differences are at their maximum.
Instead, they discuss new ways of playing around
with the aerosol judge factor needed to explain why 20th - century warming is about half of the warming expected for increased in GHGs; and then expand their list of fudge factors to include smaller volcanos, stratospheric water vapor (published
with no estimate of uncertainty for the predicted
change in Ts), transfer of
heat to the deeper
ocean (where
changes in
heat content are hard to accurately measure), etc..
This was my mental equation dF = dH / dt + lambda * dT where dF is the forcing
change over a given period (1955 - 2010), dH / dt is the rate of
change of
ocean heat content, and dT is the surface temperature
change in the same period,
with lambda being the equilibrium sensitivity parameter, so the last term is the Planck response to balance the forcing in the absence of
ocean storage
changes.
The cloud cover
changes are consistent
with changes in
ocean heat content in the satellite era.
The upper figure shows
changes in
ocean heat content since 1958, while the lower map shows
ocean heat content in 2017 relative to the average
ocean heat content between 1981 and 2010,
with red areas showing warmer
ocean heat content than over the past few decades and blue areas showing cooler.
From 1992 to 2003, the decadal
ocean heat content changes (blue), along
with the contributions from melting glaciers, ice sheets, and sea ice and small contributions from land and atmosphere warming, suggest a total warming (red) for the planet of 0.6 ± 0.2 W / m2 (95 % error bars).
However, the spatial pattern of the PDO includes warming in some places and cooling in others; in fact,
changes consistent
with the PDO can be seen in the geographic pattern of observed
ocean heat content changes.
It is clear that natural variability has dominated sea level rise during the 20th century,
with changes in
ocean heat content and
changes in precipitation patterns.
With a dominant internal component having the structure of the observed warming, and with radiative restoring strong enough to keep the forced component small, how can one keep the very strong radiative restoring from producing heat loss from the oceans totally inconsistent with any measures of changes in oceanic heat cont
With a dominant internal component having the structure of the observed warming, and
with radiative restoring strong enough to keep the forced component small, how can one keep the very strong radiative restoring from producing heat loss from the oceans totally inconsistent with any measures of changes in oceanic heat cont
with radiative restoring strong enough to keep the forced component small, how can one keep the very strong radiative restoring from producing
heat loss from the
oceans totally inconsistent
with any measures of changes in oceanic heat cont
with any measures of
changes in oceanic
heat content?
''... how can one keep the very strong radiative restoring from producing
heat loss from the
oceans totally inconsistent
with any measures of
changes in oceanic
heat content?»
In a discussion
with Sydney Levitus, the Lead Author of «World
ocean heat content and thermosteric sea level
change (0 — 2000 m), 1955 — 2010» I was intrigued by something he asked me to look up in the paper, which at that time I had not read yet:
Elsewhere on this site there is a graph of overall
ocean heat content which is building indicating that while the sst is decreasing slightly the overall
ocean is warming, It is likely that this overall
ocean warming which has nothing to do
with changes to the atmospheric temperature because it is the sea surface and not the deep
ocean that is in contact
with the atmosphere is what is resulting in the overall rise in atmospheric CO2 concentration which is currenly increasing at 2ppmv / year.
The hiatus is not an issue because the
ocean heat content was increasing consistently
with the forcing
change.
Then this: «The hiatus is not an issue because the
ocean heat content was increasing consistently
with the forcing
change.
The way I see it, if you get various data points of
ocean heat content, you then have to plot a trend to see how that is
changing with the other
changes in incoming and outgoing radiation and greenhouse gases andland use etc..
Nations of the world have launched a cooperative program to measure
changing ocean heat content, distributing more than 3000 Argo floats around the world
ocean,
with each float repeatedly diving to a depth of 2 km and back [66].
«Our results demonstrate how synergistic use of satellite TOA radiation observations and recently improved
ocean heat content measurements,
with appropriate error estimates, provide critical data for quantifying short - term and longer - term
changes in the Earth's net TOA radiation imbalance.
Pielke's «Response: NOT TRUE; see Update On A Comparison Of Upper
Ocean Heat Content Changes With The GISS Model Predictions.
A
change in
ocean heat content can also alter patterns of
ocean circulation, which can have far - reaching effects on global climate conditions, including
changes to the outcome and pattern of meteorological events such as tropical storms, and also temperatures in the northern Atlantic region, which are strongly influenced by currents that may be substantially reduced
with CO2 increase in the atmosphere.
Here's one of the many problems I have
with their figures for the
change in
ocean heat content.
As seen in Figure 4 - 3, the
ocean warming occurred in the later years of the record
with little
change in globally averaged
ocean heat content prior to 1997.
Apparently, these GCMs can «forecast» climate
change only «a posteriori», that is, for example, if we want to know what may happen
with these GCMs from 2012 to 2020 we need first to wait the 2020 and then adjust the GCM model
with ad - hoc physical explanations including even an appeal to an unpredictable «red - noise» fluctuation of the
ocean heat content and flux system (occurring in the model in 2055 and 2075!)
Their target is the uncertainty surrounding the various efforts to create a homogenised
ocean heat content data set that deals appropriately
with the various instrument
changes and coverage biases that have plagued previous attempts.
One of the points Roy made: a
change in
ocean heat content is presented in terms that look impressive: Joules times 10 ^ 22 or Joules
with oodles of trailing zeroes.