Here, we identify BRCA2 reversion mutations associated
with olaparib and talazoparib resistance in patients with prostate cancer.
Treating women
with olaparib, a new type of experimental drug called a PARP inhibitor, after their initial cancer treatment, may help prevent their ovarian cancer from coming back, according to a phase - II clinical trial led by UK scientists.
A Randomized Phase 2 Study of Cediranib in Combination
with Olaparib versus Olaparib Alone in Men with Metastatic Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer
Zhang's team began by combining the PARP inhibitor olaparib with 20 different helper compounds, and eventually discovered a family of drugs called BET inhibitors that work
with olaparib to attack cancer cells.
Not exact matches
Clinicians are currently worried that breast cancer patients
with low or absent BRCA1 may become resistant to therapeutic agents such as
Olaparib.
Olaparib was approved by the FDA in 2014 to treat ovarian cancers
with BRCA mutations.
In particular, it has been shown that cells
with other HR repair pathway defects, such as BRCA mutations frequently found in breast and ovarian cancer, are sensitive to inhibition of the enzyme PARP, and the PARP inhibitor
Olaparib has been approved for treatment of BRCA - mutated ovarian cancers.
«The current options for maintenance therapy in the EU are bevacizumab, which can only be given once and improves progression - free survival by just a few months, and the PARP inhibitor
olaparib, which is only approved in patients
with a germline BRCA mutation (about 10 - 15 % of ovarian cancer patients).
Pre-clinical studies suggest these agents add to and enhance the activity of each other, and a phase 1 study showed that the combination of cediranib and
olaparib was well - tolerated
with minimal side - effects.
«We are really excited to now be moving forward
with the next phase of our trial, which will be a key step in the evaluation of
olaparib in advanced prostate cancer.»
The results are extremely encouraging, suggesting that men
with prostate cancers that contain defective DNA repair genes may benefit from
olaparib treatment.»
«Our trial shows that
olaparib is effective in men
with defects in DNA repair genes who do not necessarily have an inherited risk of cancer — and that we can pick up these defects in the clinic.
Olaparib was licensed in December for women
with ovarian cancer and inherited BRCA mutations, but the new research suggests it could also benefit men
with genomic faults within their tumours.
Of the 16 patients
with detectable DNA repair mutations, 14 responded to
olaparib — accounting for the large majority of patients who benefited from the drug.
The results will lead on to the start of TOPARP - B, a second part of the trial in which only men
with detectable DNA repair mutations will receive
olaparib.
In the trial, researchers monitored the response of 49 men
with treatment - resistant, advanced prostate cancer to
olaparib.
Men
with prostate cancer benefit from treatment
with the pioneering drug
olaparib — the first cancer drug to target inherited mutations — according to the results of a major trial.
They found that tumor cells
with the mutant genes were particularly sensitive to a drug,
olaparib, recently approved for the treatment of hereditary ovarian cancer.
A Phase 1/2 Study of
Olaparib in Combination
with Ramucirumab in Metastatic Gastric and Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma
A Phase II Study of the PARP Inhibitor
Olaparib (AZD2281) Alone and in Combination
with AZD1775, AZD5363, or AZD2014 in Advanced Solid Tumors - OLAPCO (
OLAParib COmbinations)
Samples that were resistant and treated
with the PARP inhibitor
olaparib showed a higher percentage of RAD51 - positive cells than those that were PARP inhibition — sensitive (36 % vs 5 %; P =.0017).
A Phase III, Open Label, Randomized Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of
Olaparib (Lynparza) versus Enzalutamide or Abiraterone Acetate in Men
with Metastatic Castration - Resistant Prostate Cancer who have Failed Prior Treatment
with a New Hormonal Agent and have Homologous Recombination Repair Gene Mutations.
A Randomized Phase 2 Trial of Cediranib and
Olaparib Compared to Bevacizumab in Patients
with Recurrent Glioblastoma who have not received Prior VEGF Therapy
Tumours shrank in about 60 % of women who received the targeted drug, called
olaparib (Lynparza), compared
with 29 % of those who received chemotherapy.
The FDA has expanded the approval of the PARP inhibitor
olaparib (Lynparza) to include the treatment of patients
with metastatic breast cancer who have a mutated BRCA gene.
He is currently leading the TOPARP trial, which is finding out whether a drug called
olaparib (Lynparza) improves survival for men
with advanced prostate cancer that has stopped responding to treatment.
Olaparib resistance in patient 2 was associated
with reversion mutations.
In ovarian or breast cancers,
olaparib resistance has been associated
with HRR restoration, including by BRCA2 mutation reversion.
Professor Susan Short, member of NCRI's Radiotherapy Research Working Group, said: «We're just beginning to realise the full potential of PARP inhibitors to tackle many different types of cancer, so it's exciting to see that
olaparib could potentially be used to treat glioblastoma in combination
with chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
The OPARATIC trial has paved the way for two additional clinical trials — PARADIGM and PARADIGM - 2 — testing
olaparib in combination
with radiotherapy and temozolomide in patients
with newly diagnosed glioblastoma.
Here, we show BRCA2 reversion mutations in patients
with prostate cancer
with metastatic disease who developed resistance to talazoparib and
olaparib.