As these objects consume nearby dust and stars, or merge
with other black holes, they grow in size.
That growth should happen in part by mergers
with other black holes and in part by accretion of material from the part of the galaxy that surrounds the black hole.
These seed black holes gain mass and increase in size by picking up the materials around them — a process called accretion — or by merging
with other black holes.
Not exact matches
If you were one of the 850 lucky Torontonians who managed to get a ticket to the Stop's inaugural Night Market, you could have spent the long, sweltering evening of June 20 eating, among
other things, Korean fried chicken; garam - masala - flavoured doughnut
holes; white sangria snow cones; pig - tail tacos; tortillas smothered in
black beans, quinoa, avocado and aged cheddar; steamed buns
with pork belly; wild boar meatballs; mini pulled - pork sandwiches (there was a lot of pork) and vegetarian pad thai.
At the one extreme lies the superconduction of the field at absolute zero temperature; at the
other, the lack of radiation in a field of «
black hole» entities
with infinite density (so that they no longer exert even gravitational influence mutually).
But if you insist, we could also include
Black Holes, Big Bang and
other wonderful science in
with the Sanat and company.
but i have a new idea for what believers think god is... and it may actually exist and funny enough is only tested thru its effect on
other objects — kinda like a
black hole — the collective conscienceness of every living thing... since we all are part of the same energies and have in some form or another a conscienciness, i believe that collective is what the believers claim is god — the collective being felt and moved like any conscienceness but
with the power to effect us all as we all play into it — as long as we are open to it... your thoughts?
(For example, there's no reason that our universe might not have «bubbled» out from the
black hole of another universe or be the result of two or more larger dimensions colliding
with each
other — we just don't know)
The
other problem, Pope says, is that summer homework packets (frequently put off until the last unhappy week before school begins), often seem to fall into an academic
black hole once they're turned in —
with no feedback from teachers and no effect on kids» grades.
But if you have clusters of
black holes at the centers of galaxies, there are mechanisms by which some could rapidly grow, form binaries and merge
with each
other.»
Outer space may look mostly empty, but it's actually packed
with cosmic radiation — gamma rays and charged particles produced by exploding stars,
black holes and
other violent astrophysical phenomena.
Gravitational waves can expose the gory details of
black holes and
other extreme phenomena that can't be obtained
with traditional telescopes.
This ability to examine
black holes and
other influential dark objects without actually «seeing» them
with light has scientists excited about the gravitational wave era.
Others propose that
black holes are more properly described as «gray
holes»
with fuzzy, leaky outer boundaries.
Physicists working
with the Laser Interferometer Gravitational - Wave Observatory (LIGO), which has twin instruments in Livingston, Louisiana, and Hanford, Washington, spotted a burst of gravitational waves from
black holes 29 and 36 times as massive as the sun that spiraled into each
other 1.3 billion light - years away.
In
other words, you simply can not put a
black hole, which is the densest, most entropic object you can imagine, beyond a certain size into a universe
with positive cosmological constant.
Last year, x-ray astronomers also found hints of «intermediate»
black holes with hundreds to thousands of times our sun's mass in
other galaxies (ScienceNOW, 7 June 2001), but they hadn't measured the gravitational pulls of such
holes — the best way to confirm their presence and gauge their masses.
Buonanno has led the effort to develop highly accurate models of gravitational waves that
black holes would generate in the final process of orbiting and colliding
with each
other.
That's consistent only
with strange quark nuggets, the researchers say;
other purported particles, such as miniature
black holes, would be too massive and far too rare to spawn two earthquakes in 4 years.
In recent years, scientists have confirmed a remarkable link between two kinds of objects that should, by all rights, have nothing to do
with each
other:
black holes and strange metals.
Galaxy M83 sparkles
with X-rays from
black holes, each of which may spawn
other universes like our own.
Get fully to grips
with it, and we could have a new way not just to fathom
black holes, but also to crack some of cosmology's
other toughest nuts — from why the expansion of the universe is accelerating to how it all began.
Other examples include Minkowski's Object, where Cosmos simulations support observations that a
black hole jet collides
with a molecular cloud to trigger star formation.
One leading scenario for forming tightly orbiting
black holes starts
with a pair of massive stars already orbiting each
other.
«These
black holes are not like two aligned tornadoes orbiting each
other, but like two tilted tornadoes,» says Laura Cadonati, a physicist at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta and deputy spokesperson for the 1000 scientists working
with LIGO.
By tracking the positions and properties of hundreds of millions of randomly distributed particles as they collide and annihilate each
other near a
black hole, the new model reveals processes that produce gamma rays
with much higher energies, as well as a better likelihood of escape and detection, than ever thought possible.
Professional familiarity
with black holes, colliding galaxies, and
other outlandish cosmic phenomena breeds a high tolerance for the unusual.
On 11 February, physicists working
with the Laser Interferometer Gravitational - Wave Observatory (LIGO)-- twin instruments in Hanford, Washington, and Livingston, Louisiana — announced that they had seen just what Einstein predicted: a burst of waves created as two
black holes spiraled into each
other 1.3 billion light - years away.
Other evidence comes from the analysis of modern galaxies, most of which have central
black holes whose masses seem to correlate closely
with the properties of their host galaxies.
He finds that most cosmic rays come from well - known objects that produce
other forms of radiation, too —
black holes emit X-rays, for instance, and supernovas glow
with visible light.
Other models of how these ancient behemoths evolved, including one in which
black holes grow by merging
with millions of smaller
black holes and stars, await further testing.
The 1000 physicists working
with LIGO have twice detected such waves emanating from a pair of massive
black holes spiraling into each
other.
The likely scenario in which this could have happened is if the galaxy hosting the
black hole experienced mergers or collisions
with other galaxies through its evolutionary history.
So thirsty are theorists for new insights into
black holes and relativistic processes that,
with each LIGO detection, observational astronomers have leapt into action to target those enormous patches of sky, hoping to see some afterglow or
other emission of electromagnetic radiation — even though by definition the resulting larger
black hole should emit no light.
The team hopes to use Hubble again, in combination
with the Atacama Large Millimeter / submillimeter Array (ALMA) and
other facilities, to more accurately measure the speed of the
black hole and its gas disk, which may yield more insight into the nature of this bizarre object.
Other cosmic phenomena such as supernovae in the Milky Way and colliding neutron stars in our galactic neighborhood should also produce detectable gravitational waves, each
with their own accompanying revolutionary insights, but so far all three of LIGO's detections have been death - rattles from merging pairs of
black holes in remote stretches of the universe.
Other so - called hypervelocity stars are thought to have been boosted to their high speeds by close encounters
with our galaxy's supermassive
black hole (see Hypervelocity stars: Catch them while you can), but this star is too young to have travelled all the way from the centre of the Milky Way.
Having three detectors also enables researchers to make a rough measurement of the wave's polarization — a property that indicates how the
black holes» orbital plane (the plane on which they rotate around each
other) is orientated
with respect to Earth.
The two US detectors, one in Washington and the
other in Louisiana, saw the signal of a
black hole merger just a few milliseconds apart, but
with just two detectors the location of the source couldn't be pinned down.
Binary
black holes are expected to be common in large galaxies, since galaxies are thought to grow by merging
with other galaxies, each of which would presumably bring a central
black hole with it.
A hypervelocity star appears to be the remains of a three - star system, one star of which was digested by the Milky Way's
black hole,
with the
other two being combined and hurled away.
Other physicists disagree about whether that observation counts, since the team was not working
with a real
black hole.
Until now, the biggest supermassive
black holes — those
with masses around 10 billion times that of our sun — have been found at the cores of very large galaxies in regions loaded
with other large galaxies.
Dark matter isn't the only possible culprit: primordial
black holes could occasionally hit lone white dwarfs, or white dwarfs could collide
with each
other.
Portegies Zwart and his team suspect a middleweight
black hole forms after a massive star, drawn by gravity to the crowded centre of a star cluster, merges
with other stars swarming around there.
«Hopefully
with the increased sensitivity of future telescopes like the Square Kilometre Array we'll be able to detect jets from
other supermassive
black holes of this type and discover even more about them,» Dr Anderson said.
Last September, that dream came true as 1000 physicists working
with the Laser Interferometer Gravitational - Wave Observatory, two huge detectors in Livingston, Louisiana, and Hanford, Washington, sensed a pulse of waves radiated by two massive
black holes as they spiraled into each
other a billion light - years away.
Last September, that dream came true as 1000 physicists working
with the Laser Interferometer Gravitational - Wave Observatory (LIGO), two huge detectors in Livingston, Louisiana, and Hanford, Washington, sensed a pulse of waves radiated by two massive
black holes as they spiraled into each
other a billion light - years away.
Observations
with the Very Large Array near Socorro, New Mexico, revealed two objects whose radio spectra resemble those of
other black hole systems located outside of star clusters.
The joint research team led by graduate student and JSPS fellow Takuma Izumi at the Graduate School of Science at the University of Tokyo revealed for the first time —
with observational data collected by ALMA (Atacama Large Millimeter / submillimeter Array), in Chile, and
other telescopes — that dense molecular gas disks occupying regions as large as a few light years at the centers of galaxies are supplying gas directly to the supermassive
black holes.