It is, however, the variability on large scales influenced by interactions of the atmosphere
with other components of the climate system that is predictable.
Following the trend in global modelling, RCMs are increasingly coupled interactively
with other components of the climate system, such as regional ocean and sea ice (e.g., Bailey and Lynch 2000; Döscher et al., 2002; Rinke et al., 2003; Bailey et al., 2004; Meier et al., 2004; Sasaki et al., 2006a), hydrology, and with interactive vegetation (Gao and Yu, 1998; Xue et al., 2000).
Such decadal temperature fluctuations in the SPNA are strongly correlated
with other components of the climate system, for example, Atlantic hurricane activity, North American and European river flow, and rainfall over the African Sahel and northeast Brazil.
Not exact matches
Among the factors that could cause actual results to differ materially are the following: (1) worldwide economic, political, and capital markets conditions and
other factors beyond the Company's control, including natural and
other disasters or
climate change affecting the operations
of the Company or its customers and suppliers; (2) the Company's credit ratings and its cost
of capital; (3) competitive conditions and customer preferences; (4) foreign currency exchange rates and fluctuations in those rates; (5) the timing and market acceptance
of new product offerings; (6) the availability and cost
of purchased
components, compounds, raw materials and energy (including oil and natural gas and their derivatives) due to shortages, increased demand or supply interruptions (including those caused by natural and
other disasters and
other events); (7) the impact
of acquisitions, strategic alliances, divestitures, and
other unusual events resulting from portfolio management actions and
other evolving business strategies, and possible organizational restructuring; (8) generating fewer productivity improvements than estimated; (9) unanticipated problems or delays
with the phased implementation
of a global enterprise resource planning (ERP)
system, or security breaches and
other disruptions to the Company's information technology infrastructure; (10) financial market risks that may affect the Company's funding obligations under defined benefit pension and postretirement plans; and (11) legal proceedings, including significant developments that could occur in the legal and regulatory proceedings described in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10 - K for the year ended Dec. 31, 2017, and any subsequent quarterly reports on Form 10 - Q (the «Reports»).
A large number
of additional observations are broadly consistent
with the observed warming and reflect a flow
of heat from the atmosphere into
other components of the
climate system.
[45]
Other features include a 42.4 kWh liquid cooled lithium - ion battery pack, a need - based energy management
system, LED technology used for all lighting units, independent cooling
system for each axle; doors, covers, sidewalls and roof in carbon fibre - reinforced plastic; 3 - mode flush gear selector (forward, reverse and neutral), instrument cluster
with fold - out central display
with integrated Audi MMI functions,
climate control unit located to the right above the steering wheel, racing - inspired lightweight bucket seats, snow white and cognac interior colours, heat pump,
climate control
system; triangular double wishbones at the front axle and trapezoidal wishbones made
of forged aluminum
components at the rear axle, direct rack - and - pinion steering
with speed - sensitive electromechanical steering boost, 235 / 35R19 front and 295 / 30R19 rear tires
with a new blade design and the prototype version
of an information processing
system (car - to - x communication).
Given the increased levels
of certainty regarding human - induced global warming (from 90 to 95 %), more robust projections on sea - level rise and data on melting
of ice sheets, and the «carbon budget» for staying below the 2 °C target, the WGI conclusions together
with other AR5
component reports are likely to put more pressure on the UNFCCC parties to deliver by 2015 an ambitious agreement that is capable
of preventing dangerous anthropogenic interference
with the
climate system.
It is for this reason that the scenario framework distinguishes between «pathways,» which describe one
component (such as RCPs or SSPs)
of integrated scenarios, and «scenarios» themselves, which combine pathways
with other information such as emissions,
climate projections and policy assumptions to produce integrated descriptions
of future
climate and human
system development.
The intent
of downscaling is to achieve accurate, higher spatial resolution
of weather and
other components of the
climate system than is achievable
with the coarser spatial resolution global model.
And, even tho we may safely assume you are referring to radiative energy transport in the Earth's atmosphere, the interactions
of that energy
with all
other components of the Earth's
climate system are the critically important aspects.
In the rest
of this analysis I deal
with the question
of to what extent the model simulations used by Shindell can be regarded as providing reliable information about how the real
climate system responds to forcing from aerosols, ozone and
other forcing
components.