Sentences with phrase «with photosynthetic»

In Chapter 5 there are steady state measurements of Ar / N2, CO2 / N2 and O2 / N2; along with photosynthetic radiation flux.

Subsequently, some aerobic (or oxygen - breathing) protists merged with photosynthetic bacteria, which became chloroplasts and other plastids, to create free - swimming green algae and the precursors of today's plant cells.

Venter and other scientists are experimenting with photosynthetic microbes such as algae and cyanobacteria (sometimes referred to as blue - green algae).

The oceans of around 1 billion years ago, the researchers argue, were topped by a thin oxygenated layer populated with photosynthetic organisms and heterotrophic bacteria.

Since these physiological features are shared by both Pereskia groups as well as other cacti, despite their ancient evolutionary split, the team concludes that they must have evolved first, and that the first cacti were «shrubs or small trees with photosynthetic leaves.»

Not exact matches

Combining the capture of photosynthetic carbon from biomass with CCUS can enable negative emissions.

The main body has been divided into sections dealing with the three major biogenic GHGs including a section concerning carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and photosynthetic absorption and a section that deals with nitrous oxide (N20), and methane (CH4) emissions (and assimilation in some limited cases).

But with our planet as their guide, astrobiologists are forced to acknowledge that oxygen may be the least likely thing they will ever see — genetic evidence suggests the complex oxygen - producing photosynthetic pathway pioneered by cyanobacteria is an extraordinary evolutionary innovation that only appeared once throughout the entire multi-billion-year history of Earth's biosphere.

His reengineered photosynthetic cells would take in carbon dioxide and sunlight and spew out hydrocarbons ready for the ExxonMobil refinery (the oil giant that has provided Venter's company Synthetic Genomics with $ 300 million in funding to date).

This nano - bio approach is believed to increase the breadth of the solar spectrum that is used to make energy and is expected to contribute to the development of biomimetic materials with enhanced photosynthetic activity and improved stability towards oxidative degradation.

Huang teamed up with other researchers to do microfluidics experiments, growing bacteria in tiny chambers and tracking individual cells to learn how photosynthetic bacteria grow in light and dark.

MacDonnell also has worked on developing new photocatalysts for hydrogen generation, with the goal of creating an artificial photosynthetic system which uses solar energy to split water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen.

This signaling pathway could be used to optimize the photosynthetic efficiency of plants subject to water and nutrient deficiencies, with potential applications in agriculture and reactor - based crop development for green chemistry and algae - based biofuel solutions.

For a photosynthetic organism — one that uses light as an energy source — such as the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, keeping in sync with day and night is a particularly important ability.

Photosynthetic microbes filled the atmosphere with oxygen billions of years ago but they renovated the planet without awareness.

Photosynthetic algae living within the polyps provide the coral with energy, its vibrant colors, and protection against the acidic byproducts of its respiration.

To remedy that absence, Golden's lab, along with plant physiologist Takao Kondo and colleagues at Nagoya University in Japan, developed an easy - to - read gauge of changing photosynthetic activity in colonies of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus, a blue - green alga whose one - celled organisms divide as often as once every 5 to 6 hours.

Meyer, a chemist at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and director of its Energy Frontier Research Center in Solar Fuels, noticed that two separate groups of researchers working on two separate parts of the photosynthetic reaction happened to be using the same class of catalyst — ones with an atom of the metal ruthenium surrounded by organic molecules.

The researchers imagine photosynthetic organisms might anchor themselves to the sides of cracks, to reach sunlight, while jellyfish - like creatures might ride up and down with the current.

Another innovation of FLEX is its ability to measure fluorescence associated with two different steps in the photosynthetic system — one in the red and one in the infrared.

«Two weeks after flooding treatment with simulated salt water, net photosynthetic rate of broccoli, kale, spinach, and tomato was reduced by 43 % to 67 %, transpiration rate by 35 % to 66 %, and stomatal conductance by 51 % to 82 %.»

Their photosynthetic partners provide the worms with everything they need, so they can simply wriggle into the sand for cover when the tide comes in and avoid being swept away.

However, much of this work is still in its nascent stages,» said Binghamton University Electrical and Computer Science Assistant Professor Seokheun Choi, who is one of the co-authors of «Self - sustaining, solar - driven bioelectricity generation in micro-sized microbial fuel cell using co-culture of heterotrophic and photosynthetic bacteria,» along with PhD candidate Lin Liu.

On the other hand, many anaerobic microbes including methanogens are easily poisoned by oxygen, and the recent discovery of banded sediments with rusted iron on Akilia Island in West Greenland suggests that oxygen - producing, photosynthetic microbes (e.g., cyanobacteria) living on the surface of wet areas to gather sunlight may have developed by the end of this geologic period (3.85 billion years ago) despite continuing bombardment from space.

Photosynthetic processes are accelerated with the increased availability of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and, hence, it is conjectured that ring growth would also be correlated with atmospheric carbon dioxide; see Graybill and Idso (1993).

After over three billion years of evolution in the oceans, multi-cellular life — beginning with green algae, fungi, and plants (liverworts, mosses, ferns, then vascular and flowering plants)-- began adapting to land habitats by creating a new «hypersea,» and adding anomalous shades of green to Earth's coloration more than 472 million years ago (Matt Walker, BBC News, October 12, 2010; and Qiu et al, 1998 — more on the evolution of photosynthetic life and plants on Earth).

At LCLS, the researchers first illuminated their crystal samples with green photons to trigger the photosynthetic reactions in photosystem II.

Exploiting habitats that are often or mostly out of water required new symbiotic relationships to contain and move water, including the fusion of some fungi and algae to create lichen in communities with bacteria that survive extreme desiccation on land while breaking down rock into soil, and the association of mycorrhizae fungi and the root tissue of new vascular plants — culminating in trees that pump water high into the air — to exchange mineral nutrients (e.g., phosphorus) and usable «fixed» nitrogen from the atmosphere for photosynthetic products.

As proposed by Andrew Goldsworthy in 1987, cyanobacteria and later chloroplast - related protists and plants developed after microbes that used a purple pigment bacteriorhodopsin that absorbs green light dominated the oceans, and so the new photosynthetic cyanobacteria were forced to use the left - over light with chlorophyll that reflects green light, which was too complex to change even after purple - reflecting photosynthetic lifeforms were no longer dominant (Debora MacKenzie, New Scientist, September 10, 2010 — more on the evolution of photosynthetic life and plants on Earth).

According to Dr. Woo, they first ground up kale and spinach leaves to combine with heart tissues on petri dishes, but the photosynthetic organs of the plants became unstable and were quick to expire.

Endosymbiotic theory hypothesizes the origin of chloroplasts similarly, where chloroplasts a eukaryote with mitochondria engulfs a photosynthetic cyanobacteruim in a symbiotic relationship ending in the chloroplast organelle.

One year later, Hartmut Michel was awarded the 1988 Nobel Prize in Chemistry «for the determination of the three - dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre», together with Johann Deisenhofer and Robert Huber.

The innovative aspect of this activity was the notion that the concept of macroscopic devices could be extended to the molecular level, and that it was possible to design supramolecular systems that, upon stimulation with external energy stimuli such as UV / Visible light, are capable of performing a variety of specific functions: (i) systems for information processing (e.g., wires, switches, antennas, plug / socket systems, extension cables, memories, logic gates, encoder / decoder, rudimentary neuron - like systems), (ii) devices that when powered by chemical energy or electrochemical energy or by light exhibit machine - like behavior (e.g., piston / cylinder systems, shuttles, lifts, rotary rings, dendritic photo - switchable boxes), and (iii) components for artificial photosynthetic systems.

This decrease results because plant respiration also increases with temperature, and some of the photosynthetic gains (that lead to increased productivity) are lost through a) growth and maintenance respiration (Ryan et al. 1995), or b) seasonal differences between photosynthetic gains in the spring and increased respiration in the fall.

Visit the Frontiers of Photobiology: Nobel Lecture by Aziz Sancar (The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015 «for mechanistic studies of DNA repair») Nobel Lecture by Roger Y. Tsien (The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008 «for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP») Interviews with Johann Deisenhofer, Robert Huber, Hartmut Michel (The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988 «for the determination of the three - dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre»)

Earth's much thicker layer of low - level ozone, however, has a much larger contribution from the build - up of molecular oxygen beginning some 2.4 billion years ago from photosynthetic microbes excreting oxygen as a waste gas, which now along with plant life is constantly replenishing Earth's two - atom as well as three - stom ozone oxygen molecules.

Of particular importance is when microorganisms with advanced photosynthetic metabolism first appeared, since molecular phylogenetics suggests that all three domains would have already appeared and significant evolution must have already taken place (Schopf, 2000 and Olson 2006).

Grand Prismatic Spring, with extending fingers of photosynthetic bacterial mats.

Even more crustal minerals were formed by plate tectonics with the help of lubricating ocean water, atmospheric oxygen from the successful development of photosynthetic microbes, and land - based lichens (of algae and fungi) and mosses which were followed by deep - rooted plants that hastened the erosion and weathering of surface rocks with the help of biochemical action and the creation of soils as well as new clay minerals.

Structurally, chlorella is a higher life form than spirulina, Spirulina is classified as a photosynthetic bacterium, while chlorella is a plant with a cell nucleus, making it exactly like the advanced fruits and vegetables we eat everyday.

Many corals are also photosynthetic, but with a twist.

Most temperate C3 plants exhibit a broad photosynthetic temperature optimum between 20 ° and 35 °C with peak CO2 assimilation often occurring near 30» C.

The idea that you could ever replace the rate of utilization of energy from fossil fuels, which has been estimated as consuming 400 years worth of photosynthesis per year, with a fraction of the annual photosynthetic harvest that does not impinge on food production is part of today's magical thinking, along with reducing deficits by cutting taxes while continuing to increase spending.

Synthetic genomics may yield microorganisms with novel capabilities, photosynthetic organisms able to generate valuable products directly from CO2, biological systems that increase recovery rates of subsurface hydrocarbons, or advanced plant feedstocks.

The program focuses on development of transition - metal complexes that are inspired by the natural photosynthetic enzymes such as nitrogenases, hydrogenases, and the oxygen - evolving complex of photosystem II with the goal of designing catalysts that are chemically stable, active, and highly selective for specific chemical targets.

Recently, laboratory experiments with live foraminifera have demonstrated that the photosynthetic activity of algal symbionts and the carbonate ion concentration -LRB-[CO32 --RSB--RRB- of seawater also affect shell d18O values.

Your claim about the stability of foraminiferal dO18 ratios also shows that you're unfamiliar with the work of Bemis, et al., 1998, which discusses the artifacts introduced into foraminiferal dO18 by photosynthetic symbionts.

Increased weed and pest pressure associated with longer growing seasons and warmer winters will be an increasingly important challenge; there are already examples of earlier arrival and increased populations of some insect pests such as corn earworm.64 Furthermore, many of the most aggressive weeds, such as kudzu, benefit more than crop plants from higher atmospheric carbon dioxide, and become more resistant to herbicide control.72 Many weeds respond better than most cash crops to increasing carbon dioxide concentrations, particularly «invasive» weeds with the so - called C3 photosynthetic pathway, and with rapid and expansive growth patterns, including large allocations of below - ground biomass, such as roots.73 Research also suggests that glyphosate (for example, Roundup), the most widely - used herbicide in the United States, loses its efficacy on weeds grown at the increased carbon dioxide levels likely to occur in the coming decades.74 To date, all weed / crop competition studies where the photosynthetic pathway is the same for both species favor weed growth over crop growth as carbon dioxide is increased.72

Scientists with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)'s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and the University of California (UC) Berkeley have created a hybrid system of semiconducting nanowires and bacteria that mimics the natural photosynthetic process by which plants use the energy in sunlight to synthesize carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water.

Scarring is not at all the same as formation of stripbark: A scar is caused by mortality of cambial meristem with no loss of either photosynthetic area or root mass, therefore one would expect positive growth response to occur (evolutionary response to regain sapwood area).