October through December 2016 were very wet months in northern California (
with precipitation totals about 170 % of normal by 1 January 2017), but because several of the storms were warm rainfall, snow pack in California by 1 January was only 64 % of normal.
[3] October through December 2016 were very wet months in northern California (
with precipitation totals about 170 percent of normal by 1 January 2017), but because several of the storms were warm rainfall, snow pack in California by 1 January was only 64 percent of normal.
Northern California had a good season,
with precipitation totals approaching normal after four years of drought conditions...
December rounded out the year
with a precipitation total of 1.65 inches, 1.42 inch below average, the fourth driest such month on record.
Not exact matches
The corresponding studies were funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG)
with a
total of EUR 600,000 for two years under the project «Integrating Microwave Link Data for Analysis of
Precipitation in Complex Terrain: Theoretical Aspects and Hydrometeorological Applications» (IMAP).
In France, even
with a drier than average June,
total summer (June - August)
precipitation was more than 140 percent of average, marking one of the 10 wettest summers since national records began in 1959.
«We need to look at the changes in
total precipitation and the timing and distribution of run - off patterns and see how that lines up
with our current infrastructure,» Fahlund said in an email.
With precipitation records dating back to 1947, May 2015 was the driest May on record for the country, with total average rainfall for the month just 25 percent of nor
With precipitation records dating back to 1947, May 2015 was the driest May on record for the country,
with total average rainfall for the month just 25 percent of nor
with total average rainfall for the month just 25 percent of normal.
In locations that are accustomed to getting snow during the winter, the
total amount of snow each year is already decreasing as the planet warms from increasing greenhouse gases; the percentage of
precipitation falling as snow is on the decline,
with more of it falling as rain.
Although not the driest month of the year, September is usually much more arid,
with average
total precipitation of 1.61 inches.
That's actually a small number compared
with Antarctica's
total annual ice flow — about 2,000 billion tons a year — most of which is replenished by
precipitation.
Hong Kong, on the other side of the world, is more fortunate
with respect to
precipitation; it gets a whopping
total of 84 inches, about double New York's take.
Rain is very scarce during this month,
with total precipitation barely reaching 3 mm due to minor sprinkles above the islands that last for only 3 days of the month on average.
Rainfall affects only 3 days of the month, possibly
with slightly heavier showers which deliver a
total of 20 mm of
precipitation for the month.
On the other hand, November 2012 had the highest number of rainy days,
with precipitation falling on a
total of 16 days.
This month was also the October which had the highest number of rainy days,
with precipitation falling on a
total of 14 days.
But
total precipitation (including rain / snow on the Arctic ocean) is estimated to have increased
with 500 km3 / yr.
Snowfall varies across the region, comprising less than 10 % of
total precipitation in the south, to more than half in the north,
with as much as two inches of water available in the snowpack at the beginning of spring melt in the northern reaches of the river basins.81 When this amount of snowmelt is combined
with heavy rainfall, the resulting flooding can be widespread and catastrophic (see «Cedar Rapids: A Tale of Vulnerability and Response»).82 Historical observations indicate declines in the frequency of high magnitude snowfall years over much of the Midwest, 83 but an increase in lake effect snowfall.61 These divergent trends and their inverse relationships
with air temperatures make overall projections of regional impacts of the associated snowmelt extremely difficult.
For the entire Northern Hemisphere, there is evidence of an increase in both storm frequency and intensity during the cold season since 1950,1
with storm tracks having shifted slightly towards the poles.2, 3 Extremely heavy snowstorms increased in number during the last century in northern and eastern parts of the United States, but have been less frequent since 2000.11,15
Total seasonal snowfall has generally decreased in southern and some western areas, 16 increased in the northern Great Plains and Great Lakes region, 16,17 and not changed in other areas, such as the Sierra Nevada, although snow is melting earlier in the year and more
precipitation is falling as rain versus snow.18 Very snowy winters have generally been decreasing in frequency in most regions over the last 10 to 20 years, although the Northeast has been seeing a normal number of such winters.19 Heavier - than - normal snowfalls recently observed in the Midwest and Northeast U.S. in some years,
with little snow in other years, are consistent
with indications of increased blocking (a large scale pressure pattern
with little or no movement) of the wintertime circulation of the Northern Hemisphere.5 However, conclusions about trends in blocking have been found to depend on the method of analysis, 6 so the assessment and attribution of trends in blocking remains an active research area.
Precipitation occurs about once every seven days in the western part of the region and once every three days in the southeastern part.77 The 10 rainiest days can contribute as much as 40 % of total precipitation in a given year.77 Generally, annual precipitation increased during the past century (by up to 20 % in some locations), with much of the increase driven by intensification of the heaviest rainfalls.77, 78,79 This tendency towards more intense precipitation events is projected to continue in
Precipitation occurs about once every seven days in the western part of the region and once every three days in the southeastern part.77 The 10 rainiest days can contribute as much as 40 % of
total precipitation in a given year.77 Generally, annual precipitation increased during the past century (by up to 20 % in some locations), with much of the increase driven by intensification of the heaviest rainfalls.77, 78,79 This tendency towards more intense precipitation events is projected to continue in
precipitation in a given year.77 Generally, annual
precipitation increased during the past century (by up to 20 % in some locations), with much of the increase driven by intensification of the heaviest rainfalls.77, 78,79 This tendency towards more intense precipitation events is projected to continue in
precipitation increased during the past century (by up to 20 % in some locations),
with much of the increase driven by intensification of the heaviest rainfalls.77, 78,79 This tendency towards more intense
precipitation events is projected to continue in
precipitation events is projected to continue in the future.80
To the north, in Montana, January is typically one of the drier months of the year
with normal
precipitation totals less than 1 in (25 mm).
total precipitation in spring is positively correlated
with growth, and mean temperature in spring is negatively correlated
with growth.
With this in mind, and given how difficult it can be to dislodge deeply - entrenched ridging such as is currently being observed, I estimate that there is an above average probability that
total precipitation for water year 2013 - 2014 will be below normal once again.
I've presented videos and gif animations to show the impacts of ENSO on ISCCP
Total Cloud Amount data (
with cautions about that dataset), CAMS - OPI
precipitation data, NOAA's Trade Wind Index (5S - 5N, 135W - 180) anomaly data, RSS MSU TLT anomaly data, CLS (AVISO) Sea Level anomaly data, NCEP / DOE Reanalysis - 2 Surface Downward Shortwave Radiation Flux (dswrfsfc) anomaly data, Reynolds OI.v2 SST anomaly data and the NODC's ocean heat content data.
Your political views have nothing whatsoever to do
with the physical facts of increasing CO2 due to our emissions, the warming that will cause (~ 1.1 C / doubling), the feedbacks that will occur (to a
total of about 3C / doubling), crop movements, sea level rise, ocean acidification,
precipitation changes, etc..
Contours are rainfall
totals from the Canadian
Precipitation Analysis, which combines weather model output with station measurements to estimate regional precipita
Precipitation Analysis, which combines weather model output
with station measurements to estimate regional
precipitationprecipitation amounts.
For example, in Siberia for the summer season during the years 1936 to 1994 there was a statistically significant decrease in
total precipitation of 1.3 % / decade, but the number of days
with precipitation also decreased.
Given the conservative nature of the shape parameter, it is possible to illustrate the relationships between changes in the mean
total precipitation, the probability of
precipitation (which is proportional to the number of days
with precipitation), and changes in heavy
precipitation (Figure 2.34).
The results obtained by Donat and his team suggest that both annual
precipitation and extreme
precipitation increased by 1 — 2 % per decade in dry regions,
with wet areas showing similar increases in the extent of extreme
precipitation and smaller increases for annual
totals.
Working
with a
total of 2,196 globally - distributed databases containing observations of NPP, as well as the five environmental variables thought to most impact NPP trends (
precipitation, air temperature, leaf area index, fraction of photosynthetically active radiation, and atmospheric CO2 concentration), Li et al. analyzed the spatiotemporal patterns of global NPP over the past half century (1961 — 2010).
The number of stations reflecting a locally significant increase in the proportion of
total annual
precipitation occurring in the upper five percentiles of daily
precipitation totals outweighs the number of stations
with significantly decreasing trends by more than 3 to 1 (Figure 2.36 c).
National Weather Service meteorologist Benjamin Bartus credits
precipitation that began late yesterday
with taking the
total just past the previous record.
Together
with the progressive shortening of the ISM season and gradual southward retreat of the summer ITCZ, the
total amount of monsoon
precipitation decreased in those areas located at the northern fringe of the ISM domain, but increased in areas closer to the equator.
If we take a further step and consider the atmospheric state at a location (or even the global average)
with respect to temperature or
precipitation, we may observe that physics does not imply any preservation law for temperature (the
total energy is preserved, not temperature) or for
precipitation (the
total water balance is preserved, not the rate of
precipitation).
Correlation (color) and regression maps (contour) of SST (left) and SLP (right) associated
with the first EOF modes of annual
precipitation (a, b), low - frequency
precipitation (c, d), and
total water storage (e, f), which are calculated using annual mean data for the first EOF mode of annual
precipitation, 10 - year running mean for
precipitation, and 10 - year running mean leading
with 5 - year for
total water storage.
Correlation coefficients are calculated using annual mean data for the first EOF mode of annual
precipitation, 10 - year running mean data for the low - frequency
precipitation, and 10 - year running mean data leading
with 5 - year for the
total water storage.
Right panels show the predictability horizon for annual mean
precipitation (above the dashed line), soil water averaged from the surface, and
total water storage (below the dashed line), estimated from the 39 individual 10 member hindcast experiments (red) and the 1st order Markov model
with 10,000 ensemble members (black circle) for the b the northern, d southern, and f these difference indices.
This finding is consistent
with the idea that soils provide a natural low - pass filter (integrator) for
precipitation variability, yielding the low frequency signals in
total water storage.
Basic theory, climate model simulations and empirical evidence all confirm that warmer climates, owing to increased water vapour, lead to more intense
precipitation events even when the
total annual
precipitation is reduced slightly, and
with prospects for even stronger events when the overall
precipitation amounts increase.
The frequency of heavy
precipitation events (or proportion of
total rainfall from heavy falls) will be very likely to increase over most areas during the 21st century,
with consequences for the risk of rain - generated floods.
The April — November period was the driest since 1931,
with only 30 % of its normal
precipitation total.
In fact, the lower climate sensitivity is, the faster must
total precipitation increase
with GMST, or the atmosphere would heat up too much.