«Scaling (our) measurements to the entire Amazon basin
with rainfall data, we estimate that drought suppressed Amazon - wide photosynthesis in 2010 by 0.38 petagrams of carbon (equivalent to 380 million tonnes carbon, or 1.4 billion tonnes of CO2).»
Scaling these measurements to the entire Amazon basin
with rainfall data, we estimate that drought suppressed Amazon - wide photosynthesis in 2010 by 0.38 petagrams of carbon (0.23 — 0.53 petagrams of carbon).
Not exact matches
According to
data from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and National Weather Service, Hurricane Harvey was the wettest cyclone in U.S. history
with a recorded 60.58 inches of
rainfall in Nederland, Texas.
With those
data, the team created a model of the way
rainfall affects the amount of peat that can build up in any particular place, published last June in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
«Our new
data however, contrasts
with sub-Saharan Africa and demonstrates that the South African climate responded in the opposite direction,
with increasing
rainfall, that can be associated
with a globally occurring southward shift of the tropical monsoon belt.»
Combining these models
with data on local
rainfall and snowmelt, the team calculated what fraction of the water is carried to the sea by rivers, and what fraction sinks into the ground.
«
With climate data at this level, we can pinpoint the address of every baby with hydrocephalus and correlate that to a square on the satellite rainfall maps,» said Sch
With climate
data at this level, we can pinpoint the address of every baby
with hydrocephalus and correlate that to a square on the satellite rainfall maps,» said Sch
with hydrocephalus and correlate that to a square on the satellite
rainfall maps,» said Schiff.
Using census
data, election
data and village boundary information, combined
with weather and climate
data from the African desk of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, they managed to fuse village details
with satellite
rainfall data over the past 34 years.
The team used real - time seasonal
rainfall, temperature and El Niño forecasts, issued at the start of the year, combined
with data from active surveillance studies, in a probabilistic model of dengue epidemics to produce robust dengue risk estimates for the entire year.
The researchers then used a mathematical model that combined the conflict
data with temperature and
rainfall projections through 2050 to come up
with predictions about the likelihood of climate - related violence in the future.
The environmental
data sets from the Tropical
Rainfall Measuring Mission and the MODIS sensors will continue into the next decade
with data provided by their follow - on missions: the Global Precipitation Measurement mission to launch in early 2014, and the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite on the Suomi National Polar - orbiting Partnership satellite currently in orbit.
The team mapped
rainfall between June and September 2011 and found that readings derived from cellular
data tended to agree
with those from the traditional combination of rain gauges and radar.
There are roughly 8000 microwave links in the Netherlands, and the team was given access to
data on about 2400 of those,
with signal strength recorded every 15 minutes — enough to get a snapshot of
rainfall across the whole country.
Less rain, more storm damage Ireland has assiduously collected
rainfall data,
with amounts for the past 12 years showing huge year - to - year variations.
These yearly rings change
with temperature and
rainfall, so they could read past weather by calibrating ring widths of living trees
with instrumental
data from 1959 - 2009, then comparing these
with the innards of much older trees.
This year's fire risk comes on the heels of a severe drought in eastern and southeastern Brazil, where the satellite
data showed a continued reduction in
rainfall and a drawdown of groundwater associated
with lower than normal precipitation.
A new NASA visualization of
rainfall data shows the various changes in the United States
with wetter, wintery conditions in parts of California and across the East Coast.
They applied it to the area around the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed in Arizona, a place
with excellent long - term historical
rainfall data recorded on a per - minute basis.
Combining the STORM model
with analysis of the
rainfall data set allowed the investigators to gain insights into decadal trends in monsoonal
rainfall intensity under climate change.
Comparing disease statistics
with climate
data, he found that the outbreaks roughly coincided
with El Niño, the warm Pacific Ocean current that brings higher temperatures and
rainfall to this part of Peru.
In the central United States, for example, observational
data indicate that
rainfall increased, surface air temperature decreased, and surface humidity increased during the summer over the course of the 20th century concurrently
with increases in both agricultural production and global GHG emissions.
The
data suggest that during this time he was in an area of higher
rainfall, older rocks and
with a changed diet relative to his place of birth in Northamptonshire.
By the 1980's, weather satellites could measure
rainfall and cloud cover all over the planet and infer things like air pressure by combining
with weather station
data.
My studies in 70s & 80s using
rainfall data series over different parts of the globe matches the drought conditions over different parts — which was attributed to global warming by WMO and sent my response to Secretary General of WMO as those of my publications are
with WMO library [book was reviewed by the Vice-President of Agrometeorology group in WMO].
Speaking of AGW and hurricanes and recent attempts to lenghthen the storm record
with proxy
data: I don't see how isotopic studies of the origin of
rainfall waters in tree rings or sediment overwash studies can tell us accurately the past frequency or intensity of landfalling hurricanes.
Here we analyze a series of climate model experiments along
with observational
data to show that the recent warming trend in Atlantic sea surface temperature and the corresponding trans - basin displacements of the main atmospheric pressure centers were key drivers of the observed Walker circulation intensification, eastern Pacific cooling, North American
rainfall trends and western Pacific sea - level rise.
I'd suggest starting
with a diffuse prior over the observed range for annual
rainfall, and updating on the observed
data.
Our observational studies (Gray and Schwartz, 2010 and 2011) of the variations of outward radiation (IR + albedo) energy flux to space (ISCCP
data) vs. tropical and global precipitation increase (from NCEP reanalysis
data) indicates that there is not a reduction of global net radiation (IR + Albedo) to space which is associated
with increased global or tropical - regional
rainfall.
When one uses the new
data to estimate the level of CO2 released for all of Indonesia in 2006 — a year
with a weak El Nino, in which
rainfall was relatively low — one comes up
with a figure of up to 900 million tons.
Limited validations for the results include comparisons of 1) the PERSIANN - derived diurnal cycle of
rainfall at Rondonia, Brazil,
with that derived from the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Oceanï ¿ 1/2 Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE) radar
data; 2) the PERSIANN diurnal cycle of
rainfall over the western Pacific Ocean
with that derived from the
data of the optical rain gauges mounted on the TOGA - moored buoys; and 3) the monthly accumulations of
rainfall samples from the orbital TMI and PR surface
rainfall with the accumulations of concurrent PERSIANN estimates.
Consistent
with reanalysis
data (Fig. 4) and theoretical considerations (36, 39), continental
rainfall is assumed to be proportional to the mean specific humidity within the atmospheric column The effect of an offset between these quantities does not change the model behavior qualitatively (see SI Appendix).
Perhaps
with all that is known now, someone will propose a well - defined multivariate test entailing all relevant global
data (including Antarctic ice extent and total Antarctic ice mass, mean and extremal
rainfall everywhere, mean and extremal cyclonic storms everywhere.)
Unless of course, you confound the
data with assumptions of increasing temperature and / or less
rainfall.
But let us stay
with the design storm and
rainfall data for a moment.
But just to give readers who might be unfamiliar
with your record of evasion, avoidance and inability to accept inconvenient truths, a good place to start would be your reaction to Dr. Reddy's analysis of
rainfall data from Fortaleza, Brazil.
I don't entirely agree
with Ray Ladbury's comment at least for rare
rainfall events; there are quite long records for some locations and from the satellite era worldwide
data.
My goal is to justify a Levy distribution for daily
rainfall totals based on some rather well - understood physics (which doesn't appear to be known by hydrologists) in order to motivate those
with lotsa
data to see how well the Levy distribution fits the
data.
Audubon scientists used decades of
data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey and Audubon's Christmas Bird Count, combined
with 17 climate variables, including temperature and
rainfall, to model how summer and winter ranges of North American birds coincide
with different suites of climate variables.
(SW England that also got heavy rain is combined within the published HadUKP
data with S Wales that was less affected & which normally has high
rainfalls, swamping the SW England
data.)
Published in the journal Hydrological Sciences, the study looks at
data sets from 1884 to 2013 and found an upward trend in reported flooding,
with flood events appearing more frequently towards the end of the 20th century, peaking in 2012 when annual
rainfall was the second highest in over 100 years.