Sentences with phrase «with rods and cones»

He liked the shadows cast by the housings against the wall, the mixing and reflections and variety of effects the light performed as it bounced off walls, as the colours mingled, as it played games with the rods and cones of the viewer's eyes.

This approach could soon be taken with rods and cones, the light - sensitive cells in eyes that can wither as we age, causing blindness.

The standard explanation recounts the existence of a material object, its reflection of light waves of a certain length, the transference of these light waves from the object to the perceptual organs of the observer (in this case, the eyes), the interaction of the light waves with the rods and cones of the retina, the transference of nerve impulses along the relevant nerves to the brain, and, finally, the production of the sensation of sight.

Not exact matches

Whitehead stressed the importance of the fact that we see with the eyes, and he would have noted that the eyes experience with their immediate constituents, rods and cones.

After Lin's team first published the link between the ATF6 gene and this type of inherited vision loss, known as achromatopsia or cone - rod dystrophy, a few years ago, people with these conditions began contacting them from around the world.

As a person ages, these plaques, along with leaky blood vessels, tend to interrupt normal rod and cone functioning.

Samer Hattar, a neuroscientist at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, and lead author on the Neuron paper, says he isn't convinced that the study proves that mRGCs are a key component of conscious vision in mice with functional rods and cones.

The number of individuals with nonfunctional rods and cones that still have the ability to sense light is likely «vanishingly small,» he says.

And astronomers illuminate their sky charts with red light, which makes objects visible to the cone cells without affecting the red - blind rod cells and forcing the dark - adaptation process to begin all over agaAnd astronomers illuminate their sky charts with red light, which makes objects visible to the cone cells without affecting the red - blind rod cells and forcing the dark - adaptation process to begin all over agaand forcing the dark - adaptation process to begin all over again.

A person with LCA will display deformed or absent cones and rods, thus preventing the detection of light.

The layering within these columns was indistinguishable from the adjacent, control retina and contained cells with the appropriate morphology for their nuclear layer (rods and cones in the ONL, bipolar, amacrine, horizontal, and Müller glia in the INL, and RGCs in the GCL).

For both approaches, a critical question is whether these cells will integrate well with the patient's own RPE cells and do their job of supporting the rods and cones over the long term.

The macula is densely packed with photoreceptor cells called rods and cones that react to light and send electrical nerve impulses to the optic nerve and into the brain.

Replacing rods and cones is challenging, because these cells have to establish connections with nerve fibers that feed signals into the optic nerve, which sends those signals to the brain to interpret.

Patients with retinal degenerative diseases such as age - related macular degeneration (AMD) have deteriorating rods and cones.

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Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) is an inherited disease of the retina (tissue layer at the back of the eye containing the rods and cones) where the retina slowly degenerates with time.

To establish PRA affected status by ERG, it is necessary that a full diagnostic protocol be done with dogs under anesthesia or heavy sedation, and that the rod and cone contributions of the ERG be separately evaluated.

In Australian Shepherds, we commonly do DNA tests for MDR1, a drug reaction mutation; HSF4, a gene with mutations that cause cataracts, one of which causes most of the cataracts I Aussies; as well as Collie Eye Anomaly and the progressive rod - cone degeneration form of Progressive Retinal Atrophy.

The most common eye diseases in the breed are cataracts, distichiaisis, persistent pupilary membrane, and iris coloboma, with Progressive Rod Cone Degeneration (PRCD), a form of progressive retinal atrophy (PRA), Collie Eye Anomaly (CEA), Canine Multifocal Retinopathy (CMR), and glaucoma have been seen but are rare.

If the disease is uncommon, as with the progressive rod - cone degeneration (PRCD) form of Progressive Retinal Atrophy in Australian Shepherds, or if use of a test and careful breeding decisions have markedly reduced the frequency of a formerly common mutation (think what could be done with CEA in Collies,) testing could then be confined to only those dogs with known family history of the disease or with relatives that have been DNA tested as carriers.

Rod and cone refer to the shapes of cells in the retina that respond to light, but are progressively degenerating when affected with this disease.

Both cone and rod mediated ERG responses are highly abnormal, probably due to a combination of responses from rods and possibly cones with very reduced sensitivity [58].

The same ancestral autosomal recessive mutation for the progressive rod cone degeneration (prcd) form of progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) is found in the American Cocker Spaniel, American Eskimo Dog, Australian Cattle Dog, Australian Shepherd, Chesapeake Bay Retriever, Chinese Crested Dog, English Cocker Spaniel, Entelbucher Mountain Dog, Finnish Lapphund, Golden Retriever, Kuvasz, Labrador Retriever, Lapponian Herder, Norwegian Elkhound, Nova Scotia Duck Trolling Retriever, Poodle, Portuguese Water Dog, Silky Terrier, Spanish Water Dog, Stumpy Tail Cattle Dog Swedish Lapphund, and Yorkshire Terrier.3 This list continues to grow as more breeds are discovered with the same defective gene.

The photoreceptors of dogs that carry this mutation develop normally, in contrast to those of dogs with XLPRA2, and remain morphologically and functionally normal until young adulthood, indicating the C - terminal of the RPGR protein is not essential for functional and structural differentiation of rods and cones.

She describes this as the area of greatest visual acuity, with the highest concentration of cones and lowest concentration of rods.

Following 20 minutes of dark adaptation, a single rod and maximal rod - cone responses were recorded with a flash intensity of 0.03 cd.s / m2 (average of 20 sweeps at 0.2 Hz) or 3.0 cd.s / m2 (average of 10 sweeps at 0.06 Hz) respectively.

To further examine the morphology of cells and the localization of protein expression within the retina, immunohistochemical staining of both paraffin and OCT retinal sections was performed with the following antibodies (Table S1): human cone arrestin (for cone photoreceptors), rhodopsin (for rod photoreceptors), RPE65 (for the retinal pigment epithelium, RPE), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP, for astrocytes and Müller cells), glutamine synthetase (for Müller cells) and G0alpha (for ON bipolar cells).

In general, PRAs are characterized by initial loss of rod photoreceptor function followed by that of the cones and for this reason night blindness is the first significant clinical sign for most dogs affected with PRA.

Genes associated with the following forms of inherited canine retinal diseases were tested for association using fragment analysis in 11 PRA - affected and 11 unaffected Swedish vallhund dogs: canine multifocal retinopathy (cmr; gene: BEST1)[8], [9], rod - cone dysplasia type 1 (rcd1; PDE6B) and type 3 (rcd3; PDE6A)[23]--[26], progressive rod - cone degeneration (prcd; PRCD)[27], canine Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA; RPE65)[6], [7], cone - rod dystrophy (crdSWHD, NPHP4)[28], and achromatopsia / cone degeneration (ACHM / cd; CNGB3)[29], [30].

Most valuable was the tissue sample from a 15 - year old Stage - 3 retina with distinct regions of varying disease severity (Fig. 4B): Small islands of relatively normal appearing retina (Fig. 4B1) were surrounded by large areas of advanced retinal degeneration with loss of both rod and cone photoreceptors (Fig. 4B2).

Visitors are encouraged to explore the world with him in Rods, Cones and the Occipital Lobe.

Everything appears in motion; from flat canvases that play tricks on the eyes to erected rods and cones, everything spins, plays with light: every image moves.