Continued excessive greenhouse - gas emissions primarily from industrialized nations are —
with scientific certainty — creating floods, droughts, hurricanes, sea - level rise, and seasonal unpredictability.
If the critical threshold for climate catastrophe could be identified
with scientific certainty, their research suggests that countries very likely would propose a collective target certain to avoid catastrophe, would pledge to contribute their fair share to the global effort, and would act so as to fulfill their promises.
In other words, reasonable people disagree, no one can say
with scientific certainty that the market is overvalued, and none of us knows what will happen next to share prices.
Modifying just 3 factors delivers 80 % of value in terms of disease risk and body composition (even if you are genetically programmed to not be lean) according to Dr. Peter Attia, M.D. (bio: mechanical engineer ⇒ Stanford MD ⇒ surgical oncology fellow ⇒ healthcare consultant ⇒ NUSI founder conducting best possible research without bias to answer
with scientific certainty — what we need to eat to be healthy questioning current guidelines.)
We can say
with scientific certainty that a survey sample of 1,000 Brits will give you a result within 3.1 per cent of the «true» figure in 19 out of 20 polls.
They longed to circumscribe all knowledge within the bookends of the noumenal «I» and the empirical «I.» Knowledge was equated
with scientific certainty.
Not exact matches
A singular universe is a
scientific lie brought about thru mixed and still yet young educated rationalisms... Our Cosmos is littered full of celestial universes... So much so it will take us practically forever to map out our universally contained cosmos
with much
certainty... Our Cosmos being filled
with all manner of celestial universes is but one Cosmos within a vast sea of multifaceted cosmological universes...
The Pope assures his reader, nonetheless, that in communion
with the Church's living Tradition and under the guidance of the Holy Spirit «we can serenely examine exegetical hypotheses that all too often make exaggerated claims to
certainty, claims that are already undermined by the existence of diametrically opposed positions put forward
with an equal claim to
scientific certainty» (p. 105).
Thus, the popular theories of Urmonotheismus or high - god, interesting though they may be, can not be used as the basis of the religio -
scientific study of religions
with utmost
certainty.
In a food additive petition filed
with the FDA, GMA said the
scientific evidence will enable FDA to find there is a «reasonable
certainty of no harm» from consumption of PHOs from the uses and use levels specified in the submission.
It seems to me that the notion that man - made CO2 has a significant effect on climate change is being disproven
with more
certainty, as day by day more hard
scientific evidence is showing that this hypothesis is a delusion.
According to reporting in
Scientific American's sister publication Nature, minutes of the meeting show that the researchers were in fact much more circumspect, saying things such as «a major earthquake in the area is unlikely but can not be ruled out» and «because L'Aquila is in a high - risk zone it is impossible to say
with certainty that there will be no large earthquake.»
Over the past 20 years, evidence that humans are affecting the climate has accumulated inexorably, and
with it has come ever greater
certainty across the
scientific community in the reality of recent climate change and the potential for much greater change in the future.
Many letters take issue
with individual points of climate science, but I am particularly intrigued by the ones that aim wider, targeting the very concept of
scientific certainty.
I learnt to communicate in crisis situations within the limits of
scientific certainty while working
with the gelatin manufacturers during the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) affair.
The political divide comes
with the question of how much additional peer review — and how much
scientific certainty — is needed before IRIS assessments are ready for use in making regulations.
In response to the second point, the most authoritative international
scientific investigation into global warming has recently concluded
with 95 percent
certainty that human - caused global warming is happening.
Scott started ViDA
with a
scientific approach because he wanted to know,
with absolute
certainty, what did and didn't work in online dating.
# 68 «Furthermore, the nature of the
scientific evidence and corresponding burden of proof are not the same — these are completely different kinds of systems
with different levels of noise and different levels of
certainty of cause and effect.
To try and equate lack of
scientific understanding
with lack of statistical
certainty is not what one expects from a «real» scientist.
I suspect lists of
scientific questions like this will provoke further claims that too little is known
with certainty to try to change course away from anthropogenic mass extinction.
The question there is simply this: Did Jones present the whole truth, the unvarnished truth
with all the attendant uncertainties or did he present a story that «oversold» the
scientific certainty -LSB-?]»
Why aren't more mainstream climatologists admitting that the
certainty about climate change is much less than the public and policymakers were led to believe, and why aren't more of the pathetic cowards willing to admit the travesties that some of their colleagues took
with the
scientific method?
More interesting still, Oreskes seems to agree
with the «deniers» that
scientific certainty — rather than doubt — should drive action.
Thanks to a growing body of
scientific evidence and improved computer models that can project climate changes more accurately and in much finer detail, each report has proclaimed
with greater and greater
certainty that human activity is the main cause of global warming.
I think part of this comes from scientists, both those working in that specific area of climate science and particularly those from outside that area, speaking not as scientists
with their inherent tendency not to claim something conclusive without a good deal of statistically tested
certainty, but speaking as someone who has been imposed upon or volunteered to give a
scientific best guess without bothering the public
with the details of uncertainties.
Mr and Mrs Climate Science, watching from the upper balcony, think there will be more happy Maydays to come, if only their
scientific certainties can be «communicated» to the plebs and if all the rabble - rousers are dealt
with sternly.
I can not see how any real scientist can possibly agree
with this 95 % figure, since all the
scientific evidence obtained since 2007 supports a reduction of previous high claims of
certainty, not an increase.
Based on the evidence as it currently exists, it just is not a valid
scientific position to assert
with certainty that human emissions have caused recent changes to the climate, and therefore the policy implications that stem from that.
«it just is not a valid
scientific position to assert
with certainty that human emissions have caused recent changes to the climate, and therefore the policy implications that stem from that»
The former can be said
with a great deal of
certainty because it relies on and a reality of
scientific measurement and the statistical analysis of error bounds.
Where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage, lack of full
scientific certainty should not be used as a reason to postpone such measures, taking into account that policies and measures to deal
with climate change should be cost - effective in order to ensure global benefits at the lowest possible cost.
It is a
scientific fact that Global Warming provides the means for the ignorant to declare
with absolute
certainty that they know the unknowable — Laika The Space Dog
The whole point of the global warming scare is to take an uncertain and unproven
scientific hypothesis and insist on it as an absolute
scientific certainty requiring immediate action — which just so happens to be a very specific agenda that aligns perfectly
with a certain political outlook.
The GCC position that there is inadequate
scientific certainty regarding global warming to warrant decisive action is increasingly controversial in a political season where all of the major presidential candidates have recognized the importance of dealing
with the issue.
While the body of
scientific knowledge about climate change and its impacts has grown tremendously, future conditions can not be predicted
with absolute
certainty.
Where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage, lack of full
scientific certainty should not be used as a reason for postponing such measures, taking into account that policies and measures to deal
with climate change should be cost - effective so as to ensure global benefits at the lowest possible cost (UN 1992a: Art 3, emphasis added).
Climate action — meaning, a transformation away from carbon - intensive energy sources to cleaner, renewable sources of energy — should be proportional to
scientific certainty and commensurate
with the threat.
In this paper we tested four hypotheses: (1) perceived conflict about global warming will be negatively associated — and (2) climate expertise, (3) liberal political ideology, and (4) perceived
scientific consensus will be positively associated —
with (a) higher personal
certainty that global warming is happening, (b) viewing the global warming observed over the past 150 years as mostly human - caused, and (c) perception of global warming as harmful.
Adapting core principles of risk assessment to climate: To date, the approach of climate change assessments has primarily been rooted in communicating relative
scientific certainty and uncertainty around anticipated changes in the physical climate system, along
with some basic biophysical impacts that would seem to be generally implied by those climate changes: based, for example, on general understanding of associations such as those between impacts and weather extremes.
As we can see, the Rio Declaration posits a prior relationship
with nature before a
scientific conception of that relationship, making an institution of the precautionary principle well in advance of putative
certainty.
His concern that students will be mislead by the idea that there is no
scientific certainty about the best way to proceed politically does not credit those students
with the ability to understand that political direction has been achieved through the application of the precautionary principle.
Science deals
with probabilities, not
certainties, and there's always a small chance that what's currently considered to be caused by X is actually caused by Y. That's fundamental to the
scientific method of «hypothesize, measure, compare measurements to hypothesis, update hypothesis, measure again» ad infinitum.
I've been thinking about the PRO-CON FORMAT the media use (which has been discussed earlier), and now think that the format itself is not as bad as the fact that the media have limited the debate between contrarians (who need 99 %, perhaps 101 %
certainty on AGW) and scientists (who require 95 %
certainty, and even
with that, bring all their caveats on screen — as if the
scientific devil's adocates were there
with them on TV).
In 2011 API brought suit
with other parties against the EPA over its authority to regulate greenhouse gases, stating that «EPA professes to be 90 to 99 % certain that «anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases are primarily responsible for «unusually high planetary temperatures», but the record does not remotely support this level of
certainty» (Goldman and Rogerson 2013), a statement that flew in the face of the prevailing
scientific consensus (IPCC 2007).
Most of the deep details of any
scientific theory are not known
with perfect
certainty and scientists spend a great deal of time and effort examining and attempting to understand these details.
The
scientific consensus is clear — there is a 95 %
certainty the climate is warming, albeit
with there having been a temporary pause for the past 15 years and this warming is being caused by humans.