The team's findings agreed well
with sea surface temperature records that scientists had already collected in the tropical Pacific over the course of 150 years.
Indeed, many of the groups using weather station records for estimating global temperature trends, also combine their estimates
with the sea surface temperature records to construct «land - and - sea» global temperature estimates.
Not exact matches
The new analysis combines
sea -
surface temperature records with meteorological station measurements and tests alternative choices for ocean
records, urban warming and tropical and Arctic oscillations.
The new method has already been used to examine climatic
records of
sea surface temperature at 65,000 points around the world over a period of 28 years and provided scientists
with a clear understanding of when and where
temperature fluctuations occur.
The average global
sea surface temperature tied
with 2010 as the second highest for January — August in the 135 - year period of
record, behind 1998, while the average land
surface temperature was the fifth highest.
Record high
sea surface temperatures across most of the Indian Ocean, along
with parts of the Atlantic Ocean, and southwest Pacific Ocean contributed to the May warmth.
Record high
sea surface temperatures across most of the North Indian Ocean, along
with parts of the central equatorial and southwest Pacific Ocean contributed to the April warmth.
Much warmer - than - average
temperatures engulfed most of the world's oceans during June 2016,
with record high
sea surface temperatures across parts of the central and southwest Pacific Ocean, northwestern and southwestern Atlantic Ocean, and across parts of the northeastern Indian Ocean.
This has coincided
with the warmest June - August
sea surface temperatures on
record.
The September globally averaged
sea surface temperature was 1.33 °F above the 20th century monthly average of 61.1 °F, tying
with 2014 as the second highest global ocean
temperature for September in the 1880 — 2016
record, behind 2015 by 0.16 °F.
Anyway, could the presence of these eddy swirls (and the
sea -
surface temperature garbling that goes along
with them) have an impact on the
sea -
surface temperature record by ships traveling unbeknownst through them over the last 50 - 100 years?
Remember also that the US is only about 2 % of the globe and the global
surface record corresponds closely
with satellite measurements of the lower troposhere, and also the
sea surface temperatures show a strikingly similar pattern of warming.
The graph of ocean heat content shows a slight decline in the year 2010; this co-occurred
with a decline in
sea surface and a
record (or near
record)
surface temperature.
Using monthly - averaged global satellite
records from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP [5]-RRB- and the MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) in conjunction
with Sea Surface Temperature (SST) data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric (NOAA) extended and reconstructed SST (ERSST) dataset [7] we have examined the reliability of long - term cloud measurements.
As for the estimate of minimum
temperature, this is consistent
with new
records of
sea surface temperatures for that period, and just demonstrates that the notion (old?)
Many retreats began
with an increase in thinning rates near the front in the summer of 2003, a year of
record high coastal - air and
sea -
surface temperatures.
«
With very high
sea surface temperatures that have a strong global warming component, these flooding events break
records, and cause untold damage,» he says.
They avoid some of the issues in Millar by using more globally - representative
surface temperature records, though they still use series that blend
surface air
temperatures over land
with slower - warming
sea surface temperatures over the ocean.
Combine the satellite trend
with the
surface observations and the umpteen non-
temperature based
records that reflect
temperature change (from glaciers to phenology to lake freeze dates to snow - cover extent in spring & fall to
sea level rise to stratospheric temps) and the evidence for recent gradual warming is, well, unequivocal.
«In the North Atlantic region, where tropical cyclone
records are longer and generally of better quality than elsewhere, power dissipation by tropical cyclones is highly correlated
with sea surface temperature during hurricane season in the regions where storms typically develop»
There is no straightforward connection between hurricane strength and
sea surface temperatures (Swanson, 2008) and when we look at past
records, hurricanes vary much more coherently
with natural climate oscillations than
with increasing greenhouse gasses (Chylek and Lesins, 2008).
Average air
temperature over the land and
sea surface was 0.56 degrees Celsius above the long - term average, tied
with 2010 as the joint warmest year on
record.
I think your efforts are very helpful in understanding the evolution of
sea surface temperatures over the last century, especially the causal link between ENSO and the AMO, since this explains why there is a cyclical appearance in the
temperature record which is closely correlated
with the AMO index.
''... worked
with two sediment cores they extracted from the seabed of the eastern Norwegian
Sea, developing a 1000 - year proxy
temperature record «based on measurements of δ18O in Neogloboquadrina pachyderma, a planktonic foraminifer that calcifies at relatively shallow depths within the Atlantic waters of the eastern Norwegian
Sea during late summer,» which they compared
with the temporal histories of various proxies of concomitant solar activity... This work revealed, as the seven scientists describe it, that «the lowest isotope values (highest
temperatures) of the last millennium are seen ~ 1100 - 1300 A.D., during the Medieval Climate Anomaly, and again after ~ 1950 A.D.» In between these two warm intervals, of course, were the colder
temperatures of the Little Ice Age, when oscillatory thermal minima occurred at the times of the Dalton, Maunder, Sporer and Wolf solar minima, such that the δ18O proxy
record of near -
surface water
temperature was found to be «robustly and near - synchronously correlated
with various proxies of solar variability spanning the last millennium,»
with decade - to century - scale
temperature variability of 1 to 2 °C magnitude.»
Because the GISS analysis combines available
sea surface temperature records with meteorological station measurements, we test alternative choices for the ocean data, showing that global
temperature change is sensitive to estimated
temperature change in polar regions where observations are limited.
The average
sea surface temperature for December to February was 0.84 C above the 20th century average of 15.8 C, with record highs for large swaths of the tropical Pacific Ocean (5), various regions of the North and South Atlantic, much of the Indian Ocean, and the Barents Sea in the Arctic (
sea surface temperature for December to February was 0.84 C above the 20th century average of 15.8 C,
with record highs for large swaths of the tropical Pacific Ocean (5), various regions of the North and South Atlantic, much of the Indian Ocean, and the Barents
Sea in the Arctic (
Sea in the Arctic (6).
The period of increased warming from 1987 to 1997 loosely coincided
with the divergence of the global average
temperature anomalies over land, which are derived from observation station
recordings, and the global average anomalies in
sea surface temperatures.
The integrated NAO (INAO) is found to well correlate
with the length of the day (since 1650) and the global
surface sea temperature record HadSST2 and HadSST3 (since 1850).
While derived from
sea surface temperature data, the PDO index is well correlated
with many
records of North Pacific and Pacific Northwest climate and ecology, including
sea level pressure, winter land —
surface temperature and precipitation, and stream flow.
This is achieved through the study of three independent
records, the net heat flux into the oceans over 5 decades, the
sea - level change rate based on tide gauge
records over the 20th century, and the
sea -
surface temperature variations... We find that the total radiative forcing associated
with solar cycles variations is about 5 to 7 times larger than just those associated
with the TSI variations, thus implying the necessary existence of an amplification mechanism, although without pointing to which one.
Now the NOAA data comes in and confirms the GISS data, and shows the http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/research/2009/jun/global.html Global Highlights: Based on preliminary data, the globally averaged combined land and
sea surface temperature was the second warmest on
record for June and the January - June year - to - date tied
with 2004 as the fifth warmest on
record.
John Imbrie used time - series analysis to statistically compare the timing and cycles in the
sea surface temperature and global ice volume
records with patterns of the Earth's orbit.
Hausfather separated out these different
records and compared them
with independent data from other sources, including satellites and robotic floats that also measured
sea surface temperatures.
Furthermore, we compare our simulation
with proxy
records of mid-Pliocene
sea surface temperature.
There is a recognised bias in the dataset from the period around WWII associated
with changes in the nationality of the shipping fleets taking
sea surface temperature measurements - the main contributor to the
temperature record - due to the war.
But let's look at the long - term NOAA
record of tropospheric specific humidity and compare this
with the HadCRUT globally and annually averaged land and
sea surface temperature anomaly over the same period:
It will also include scientifically refuting the apparent falsification of the above «dangerous AGW» hypothesis, which has resulted from the observed «lack of warming» of our planet over the past decade (atmosphere, at both the
surface and troposphere since 2001,
sea surface temperature since ARGO measurements were installed in 2003), despite
record increase in atmospheric CO2, as measured at Mauna Loa, by demonstrating
with empirical data where the «missing energy» is hiding.
The Kommersant talks about HaCRUT data in connection
with land stations, but «HadCRUT is the dataset of monthly
temperature records formed by combining the
sea surface temperature records compiled by the Hadley Centre of the UK Met Office and the land
surface temperature records compiled by the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) of the University of East Anglia.
Not only that, but there is increasingly compelling evidence that the recent short - term slowdown in the
surface temperature record was much less pronounced than previously estimated, if rapid Arctic warming is fully reflected, along
with potential biases from the changing mix of
sea surface temperature measurement sources in recent years.
And that, combined
with the current
record ocean
temperatures — and faster than expected warming of the ocean's
surface layer — means we can expect a continuation of the unexpectedly fast loss of Arctic
sea ice and of land - locked ice in Greenland and Antarctica.
Such as another fascinating paper by Don J. Easterbrook, Professor Emeritus in the Deptment of Geology at Western Washington University: «Solar Influence on Recurring Global, Decadal, Climate Cycles
Recorded by Glacial Fluctuations, Ice Cores,
Sea Surface Temperatures, and Historic Measurements Over the Past Millennium» — Hat tip to Anthony Watt's Watts Up
with That.
Ho added that the enhanced intensification of tropical cyclones over East Asian coastal
seas caused by changes in
sea surface temperature and wind flows mean that «an individual tropical cyclone could strike East Asia, including the Philippines, with a record - breaking power, for example Haiyan, even though landfall intensity in south - east Asia has not notably changed on average in recent years because of the shifted genesis location; note that Haiyan formed over the eastern Philippine Sea far from land.&raq
sea surface temperature and wind flows mean that «an individual tropical cyclone could strike East Asia, including the Philippines,
with a
record - breaking power, for example Haiyan, even though landfall intensity in south - east Asia has not notably changed on average in recent years because of the shifted genesis location; note that Haiyan formed over the eastern Philippine
Sea far from land.&raq
Sea far from land.»