Two brain imaging methods were used for measuring blood flow changes and the brain region crosstalk,
with symptoms of depression reported by completing clinical questionnaires.
Not exact matches
Every clinician who routinely treat athletes
with post-concussion syndrome (i.e. patients whose
symptoms after suffering a sports - related concussion persist for months or years),
with whom I spoke for this article expressed variations
of the same concern: that their patients, hearing media
reports about athletes suffering
symptoms associated
with CTE (such as
depression), were losing hope
of a full recovery, to the point
of considering suicide.
Research has been conducted to determine the prevalence
of maternal
depression among home visitation clients, 9,10,11,12
with these studies
reporting depressive
symptom rates around 50 percent.
First, fathers» interactive play during toddlerhood has been longitudinally associated
with attachment security in later childhood and adolescence.17 Second, fathers» speech and language interactions
with infants have been positively associated
with language development, and paternal
depression has been shown to adversely impact this process.18, — , 20 Third, discipline practices, such as corporal punishment, have been longitudinally associated
with increased child aggressive behavior.21 In addition, paternal depressive
symptoms have been longitudinally associated
with harsh paternal discipline practices in older children and subsequent child and adolescent maladjustment.11 Finally, as an indicator
of fathers» interactions
with pediatric providers, we also examined the proportion
of depressed fathers that
reported talking
with their children's doctor within the previous year.
At the end
of treatment, the women who received the drug
reported a 21 - point reduction on a standard scale
of depression symptoms, compared
with about 9 points for the women on a placebo.
Writing in 2014 in the European Journal
of Neuroscience, Leuner and colleagues
reported that in rats
with symptoms of postpartum
depression (induced by stress during pregnancy, a major risk factor for postpartum
depression in women), nerve cells in the nucleus accumbens atrophied and showed fewer protrusions called dendritic spines — suggesting weaker connections to surrounding nerve cells compared
with healthy rats.
Although
symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) related to the Great East Japan Earthquake seem to have improved over time, there is evidence
of persistent problems
with depression,
reports the study by Dr. Shuntaro Ando
of Tokyo Metropolitan Institute
of Medical Science and colleagues.
People
with type 2 diabetes who are «night owls» and prefer the evening for activity
report having more
symptoms of depression than those who are early to bed and early to rise, regardless
of the quality
of their sleep, a new study finds.
In a study recently published online in the Journal
of Autism and Developmental Disorders, the researchers found that mothers
of teenagers
with ASD or ID
reported higher levels
of stress and other negative psychological
symptoms — think
depression or anxiety — than mothers
of teenagers
with typical development, or TD.
Those who
reported high levels
of distress and high levels
of depressive
symptoms were assigned one
of three interventions, all
of which were designed to reduce the distress associated
with managing diabetes, rather than
symptoms of depression.
A reduction in
symptoms of depression was
reported immediately after the psilocybin treatment,
with an «after - glow» effect
reported, characterised by mood improvement.
Another study found that 60 percent
of patients
with hypothyroidism
reported symptoms of depression, while 63 percent
reported symptoms of anxiety.
In a case
report, John Correa, a psychologist at the University
of South Florida demonstrates how The PCOS Workbook, a cognitive - behavioral therapy (CBT) based approach, helped his 19 year - old client
with PCOS reduce her
symptoms of anxiety,
depression, improve her body image and lose weight.
Additionally, copper dysregulation is a key factor in ADHD.40 Many studies likewise
report a close association between zinc deficiency and clinical
depression,
with severity
of symptoms inversely correlated
with serum zinc levels.
«High school athletes
with a history
of concussion
report depression symptoms at the same rate as athletes who have never sustained a concussion,» Schwarz said.
This group included 35 892 women
with an incomplete
depression history (ie, those who did not
report their depressive status in 1996, 1998, or 2000 or did not return or answer the Mental Health Index [MHI] questionnaire9 - 11 [a 5 - item subscale
of the 36 - Item Short - Form Health Survey] in 1992 or 1996), as well as women who
reported taking antidepressants in 1996 (n = 2052) or had a physician - diagnosed episode
of depression in 1996 or earlier (n = 3445), those
with an unknown start date (n = 131), or those who
reported severe depressive
symptoms (score, ≤ 52) on the 1992 (n = 2381) or 1996 (n = 2271) MHI questionnaire.
The study found that teens
with close friendships by the age
of 15 were less prone to social anxiety, experience an increased sense
of self - worth, and were less likely to
report symptoms of depression by the time they reached age 25.
The plaintiff did not raise any concerns about her mood or her alcohol dependence
with her physicians until December 2009 during an unrelated consultation
with Dr. Zentner when asked about alcohol consumption and in December 2010, when she
reported symptoms of depression to Dr. Swope.
Article: Mindfulness Programs In Schools Reduce
Symptoms Of Depression Among Adolescents: Study Article: School Mindfulness Programs May Reduce Stress — And Make Teens Happier, Study Finds Article: «Mindful Moments» Program Has High School Students Begin And End Each Day With Meditation (VIDEO) Article: Why Teaching Mindfulness Benefits Students» Learning Article: The education of character: Carefully Considering Craisins Article: Mindfulness Programs In Schools Reduce Symptoms Of Depression Among Adolescents: Study Video: Mindful Schools In - Class Instruction Video: iBme Mindfulness Programs Transform an Oakland Public High School Video: Mindfulness In Schools — BBC World News Video: About Modern Mindfulness for Schools Video: Mindfulness: Learning to Stop the Stress (NBC Washington News) Video: Mindup Program for Children Video: Building better brains Video: Children talking about the benefits of mindfulness Video: Mindful Schools, Compassionate Schools Video: ABC news report on mindfulness in local scho
Of Depression Among Adolescents: Study Article: School Mindfulness Programs May Reduce Stress — And Make Teens Happier, Study Finds Article: «Mindful Moments» Program Has High School Students Begin And End Each Day
With Meditation (VIDEO) Article: Why Teaching Mindfulness Benefits Students» Learning Article: The education
of character: Carefully Considering Craisins Article: Mindfulness Programs In Schools Reduce Symptoms Of Depression Among Adolescents: Study Video: Mindful Schools In - Class Instruction Video: iBme Mindfulness Programs Transform an Oakland Public High School Video: Mindfulness In Schools — BBC World News Video: About Modern Mindfulness for Schools Video: Mindfulness: Learning to Stop the Stress (NBC Washington News) Video: Mindup Program for Children Video: Building better brains Video: Children talking about the benefits of mindfulness Video: Mindful Schools, Compassionate Schools Video: ABC news report on mindfulness in local scho
of character: Carefully Considering Craisins Article: Mindfulness Programs In Schools Reduce
Symptoms Of Depression Among Adolescents: Study Video: Mindful Schools In - Class Instruction Video: iBme Mindfulness Programs Transform an Oakland Public High School Video: Mindfulness In Schools — BBC World News Video: About Modern Mindfulness for Schools Video: Mindfulness: Learning to Stop the Stress (NBC Washington News) Video: Mindup Program for Children Video: Building better brains Video: Children talking about the benefits of mindfulness Video: Mindful Schools, Compassionate Schools Video: ABC news report on mindfulness in local scho
Of Depression Among Adolescents: Study Video: Mindful Schools In - Class Instruction Video: iBme Mindfulness Programs Transform an Oakland Public High School Video: Mindfulness In Schools — BBC World News Video: About Modern Mindfulness for Schools Video: Mindfulness: Learning to Stop the Stress (NBC Washington News) Video: Mindup Program for Children Video: Building better brains Video: Children talking about the benefits
of mindfulness Video: Mindful Schools, Compassionate Schools Video: ABC news report on mindfulness in local scho
of mindfulness Video: Mindful Schools, Compassionate Schools Video: ABC news
report on mindfulness in local school
Brief Communication: Physical Abuse
of Boys and Possible Associations
With Poor Adult Outcomes Holmes & Sammel Annals of Internal Medicine, 143, 2005 Reports on results that found childhood physical abuse was associated later in life with depression symptoms, posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, legal troubles, and incarcerat
With Poor Adult Outcomes Holmes & Sammel Annals
of Internal Medicine, 143, 2005
Reports on results that found childhood physical abuse was associated later in life
with depression symptoms, posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, legal troubles, and incarcerat
with depression symptoms, posttraumatic stress disorder
symptoms, legal troubles, and incarceration.
People who were living alone
reported significantly more
symptoms of depression than those who lived
with others.
Patients completed a measure
of depressive
symptoms, the Children's
Depression Inventory (CDI), a 27 - item self -
report symptom - oriented scale used
with children and adolescents
with at least a first - grade reading level (Kovacs, 1992).
Analysis
of covariance showed that compared
with the TAU group, the IPT - A group showed significantly fewer clinician -
reported depression symptoms on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (P =.04), significantly better functioning on the Children's Global Assessment Scale (P =.04), significantly better overall social functioning on the Social Adjustment Scale — Self - Report (P =.01), significantly greater clinical improvement (P =.03), and significantly greater decrease in clinical severity (P =.03) on the Clinical Global Impressi
depression symptoms on the Hamilton
Depression Rating Scale (P =.04), significantly better functioning on the Children's Global Assessment Scale (P =.04), significantly better overall social functioning on the Social Adjustment Scale — Self - Report (P =.01), significantly greater clinical improvement (P =.03), and significantly greater decrease in clinical severity (P =.03) on the Clinical Global Impressi
Depression Rating Scale (P =.04), significantly better functioning on the Children's Global Assessment Scale (P =.04), significantly better overall social functioning on the Social Adjustment Scale — Self -
Report (P =.01), significantly greater clinical improvement (P =.03), and significantly greater decrease in clinical severity (P =.03) on the Clinical Global Impressions scale.
That is,
with each increase in the number
of reported physical conditions, the odds
of the patient experiencing
depression symptoms likewise rose.
For example, Brent et al19
reported that in the absence
of maternal
depression, cognitive behavioral therapy was more effective for adolescents with major depression than either systematic behavioral family therapy or nondirective supportive therapy; the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy was mitigated by the presence of maternal depressive symptoms (ie, mothers with Beck Depression Inventory scores >
depression, cognitive behavioral therapy was more effective for adolescents
with major
depression than either systematic behavioral family therapy or nondirective supportive therapy; the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy was mitigated by the presence of maternal depressive symptoms (ie, mothers with Beck Depression Inventory scores >
depression than either systematic behavioral family therapy or nondirective supportive therapy; the efficacy
of cognitive behavioral therapy was mitigated by the presence
of maternal depressive
symptoms (ie, mothers
with Beck
Depression Inventory scores >
Depression Inventory scores > 9 vs ≤ 9).
In a recent
report, the Institute
of Medicine identified 5 risk factors associated
with the onset
of depression: having a parent or other close biological relative
with a mood disorder; experiencing a severely stressful event; having low self - esteem, a sense
of low self - efficacy, and a sense
of helplessness or hopelessness; being female; and living in poverty.39 This national study
of depressive
symptoms in mothers
of children in kindergarten who attended a Head Start program supports the predictive validity
of several
of the risk factors published by the Institute
of Medicine and corroborates findings from several earlier studies that examine
depression in mothers
of young children.
they compared the levels
of depressive
symptoms or the frequency
of depression diagnoses between children and adolescents
with chronic physical illness and their healthy peers or test norms, or they provided sufficient information for a comparison
with established normative data (e.g., by
reporting standardized T - scores),
The findings
reported herein suggest that remission
of maternal
depression over 3 months is statistically significantly associated
with reduction in children's current
symptoms and diagnoses after controlling for the child's age and sex, baseline
symptoms, socioeconomic status (annual household income), as well as severity
of maternal
depression at baseline, mother's treatment setting, and the child's treatment status over the 3 - month follow - up.
Specifically, compared
with children who grow up in stable, two - parent families, children born outside marriage reach adulthood
with less education, earn less income, have lower occupational status, are more likely to be idle (that is, not employed and not in school), are more likely to have a nonmarital birth (among daughters), have more troubled marriages, experience higher rates
of divorce, and
report more
symptoms of depression.8
In fact, a recent study found that living alone was more highly associated
with depression in mid-aged and older adults
reporting low levels
of perceived quality
of social interactions
with neighbours.26 However, to our knowledge, no studies have examined the moderating effect
of objectively assessed neighbourhood environment attributes on the associations between living arrangements (living alone vs living
with others) and older adults» depressive
symptoms.
As KOWEPS examines employment status and
depression using CES - D, several
reports have identified the effects
of employment status and
depression using KOWEPS data.33 — 35 Kim et al33 found that changing from precarious to permanent work or from permanent to precarious work was associated
with new - onset depressive
symptoms among Korean women.
Older adults living alone showed a higher likelihood
of reporting at least one depressive
symptom compared
with those living
with family members or others, which was consistent
with earlier studies.24 25 Living alone and loneliness are established risk factors for
depression and depressive
symptoms in older adults.
Finally, in considering temperament as a vulnerability factor for
depression, it is important to note that in addition to behavioural inhibition several theorists have developed temperament models that link additional temperamental styles, particularly Positive Emotion (PE) and Negative Emotion (NE) to
depression.58 Many cross-sectional studies have
reported that youth and adults
with depressive
symptoms exhibit diminished levels
of PE and elevated levels
of NE59, 60,61 and the combination
of these have been associated
with concurrent depressive
symptoms in clinical62, 63 and community samples.61, 64,65 Furthermore, longitudinal studies have found that lower levels
of PE60, 66,67 and higher level
of NE in childhood68 - 70 predict the development
of depressive
symptoms and disorders.
Additional studies investigated the specificity
of the social versus nonsocial components
of self -
reported behavioural inhibition during childhood and their relation
with young adults» current
symptoms of anhedonic
depression, social anxiety and anxious arousal.
Many
of the scales demonstrated weak psychometrics in at least one
of the following ways: (a) lack
of psychometric data [i.e., reliability and / or validity; e.g., HFQ, MASC, PBS, Social Adjustment Scale - Self -
Report (SAS - SR) and all perceived self - esteem and self - concept scales], (b) items that fall on more than one subscale (e.g., CBCL - 1991 version), (c) low alpha coefficients (e.g., below.60) for some subscales, which calls into question the utility of using these subscales in research and clinical work (e.g., HFQ, MMPI - A, CBCL - 1991 version, BASC, PSPCSAYC), (d) high correlations between subscales (e.g., PANAS - C), (e) lack of clarity regarding clinically - relevant cut - off scores, yielding high false positive and false negative rates (e.g., CES - D, CDI) and an inability to distinguish between minor (i.e., subclinical) and major (i.e., clinical) «cases» of a disorder (e.g., depression; CDI, BDI), (f) lack of correspondence between items and DSM criteria (e.g., CBCL - 1991 version, CDI, BDI, CES - D, (g) a factor structure that lacks clarity across studies (e.g., PSPCSAYC, CASI; although the factor structure is often difficult to assess in studies of pediatric populations, given the small sample sizes), (h) low inter-rater reliability for interview and observational methods (e.g., CGAS), (i) low correlations between respondents such as child, parent, teacher [e.g., BASC, PSPCSAYC, CSI, FSSC - R, SCARED, Connors Ratings Scales - Revised (CRS - R)-RSB-, (j) the inclusion of somatic or physical symptom items on mental health subscales (e.g., CBCL), which is a problem when conducting studies of children with pediatric physical conditions because physical symptoms may be a feature of the condition rather than an indicator of a mental health problem, (k) high correlations with measures of social desirability, which is particularly problematic for the self - related rating scales and for child - report scales more generally, and (l) content validity problems (e.g., the RCMAS is a measure of anxiety, but contains items that tap mood, attention, peer interactions, and impulsi
Report (SAS - SR) and all perceived self - esteem and self - concept scales], (b) items that fall on more than one subscale (e.g., CBCL - 1991 version), (c) low alpha coefficients (e.g., below.60) for some subscales, which calls into question the utility
of using these subscales in research and clinical work (e.g., HFQ, MMPI - A, CBCL - 1991 version, BASC, PSPCSAYC), (d) high correlations between subscales (e.g., PANAS - C), (e) lack
of clarity regarding clinically - relevant cut - off scores, yielding high false positive and false negative rates (e.g., CES - D, CDI) and an inability to distinguish between minor (i.e., subclinical) and major (i.e., clinical) «cases»
of a disorder (e.g.,
depression; CDI, BDI), (f) lack
of correspondence between items and DSM criteria (e.g., CBCL - 1991 version, CDI, BDI, CES - D, (g) a factor structure that lacks clarity across studies (e.g., PSPCSAYC, CASI; although the factor structure is often difficult to assess in studies
of pediatric populations, given the small sample sizes), (h) low inter-rater reliability for interview and observational methods (e.g., CGAS), (i) low correlations between respondents such as child, parent, teacher [e.g., BASC, PSPCSAYC, CSI, FSSC - R, SCARED, Connors Ratings Scales - Revised (CRS - R)-RSB-, (j) the inclusion
of somatic or physical
symptom items on mental health subscales (e.g., CBCL), which is a problem when conducting studies
of children
with pediatric physical conditions because physical
symptoms may be a feature
of the condition rather than an indicator
of a mental health problem, (k) high correlations
with measures
of social desirability, which is particularly problematic for the self - related rating scales and for child -
report scales more generally, and (l) content validity problems (e.g., the RCMAS is a measure of anxiety, but contains items that tap mood, attention, peer interactions, and impulsi
report scales more generally, and (l) content validity problems (e.g., the RCMAS is a measure
of anxiety, but contains items that tap mood, attention, peer interactions, and impulsivity).
Adolescent
symptoms of anxiety and
depression were assessed
with the five - item Hopkins
Symptom Checklist (SCL - 5).18 In the SCL - 5, the presence or absence
of the following five
symptoms during the last 14 days was
reported: feeling blue, feeling fearful, feeling hopeless about the future, worrying too much about things and experiencing nervousness or shakiness inside.
Research has been conducted to determine the prevalence
of maternal
depression among home visitation clients, 9,10,11,12
with these studies
reporting depressive
symptom rates around 50 percent.
Parental anxiety and
depression symptom load was an indicator
of their adolescent's future risk
of receiving medical benefits, and adolescents
with both parents
reporting high
symptom loads seemed to be at a particularly high risk.
Depression in later life is common with 3.6 per cent to 4.8 per cent of people under 60 years reporting 12 - month major depression, while 8 per cent to 37.4 per cent report with significant depressive
Depression in later life is common
with 3.6 per cent to 4.8 per cent
of people under 60 years
reporting 12 - month major
depression, while 8 per cent to 37.4 per cent report with significant depressive
depression, while 8 per cent to 37.4 per cent
report with significant depressive
symptoms.
Although both groups showed significant improvement over time in all areas
of the
Depression Anxiety and Stress
Symptoms (DASS) scale after their interaction
with the PMHT, the «get letter» group
reported significantly less stress than the «no letter» group.
Parents were assessed
with the Family Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia.19 Teens were grouped into clinical groups based on their depressive
symptoms and determination
of DSM - III - R20, 21 diagnoses; details on all interviewed subjects are
reported elsewhere.22 This analysis focuses on a medium
depression group (n = 123 [25.9 %]-RRB-, which was called the subsyndromal group.12 These teens reported a previous depression episode or subdiagnostic levels of depressive symptoms that were insufficient to meet full criteria for a DSM - III - R affective diagnosis (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score, ≥ 24).16 Teens who met the criteria for the subsyndromal group and agreed to participate were randomized to receive either the prevention intervention program or u
depression group (n = 123 [25.9 %]-RRB-, which was called the subsyndromal group.12 These teens
reported a previous
depression episode or subdiagnostic levels of depressive symptoms that were insufficient to meet full criteria for a DSM - III - R affective diagnosis (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score, ≥ 24).16 Teens who met the criteria for the subsyndromal group and agreed to participate were randomized to receive either the prevention intervention program or u
depression episode or subdiagnostic levels
of depressive
symptoms that were insufficient to meet full criteria for a DSM - III - R affective diagnosis (Center for Epidemiologic Studies
Depression Scale score, ≥ 24).16 Teens who met the criteria for the subsyndromal group and agreed to participate were randomized to receive either the prevention intervention program or u
Depression Scale score, ≥ 24).16 Teens who met the criteria for the subsyndromal group and agreed to participate were randomized to receive either the prevention intervention program or usual care.
Compared to non-LD peers, youth
with LD frequently
report feelings
of loneliness, stress,
depression and suicide, among other psychiatric
symptoms.15, 16 For example, in the National Longitudinal Study
of Adolescent Health, the LD sample was twice as likely to
report a suicide attempt in the past year.16 Longitudinal research on risk - taking indicates that, compared to non-LD peers, adolescents
with LD engage more frequently in various risk behaviours.17 Therefore, the presence
of LD in childhood appears to confer a general risk for adverse outcomes throughout adolescence and into adulthood.
The relationship between depressive
symptoms and step count has only been assessed in specific populations
with small sample sizes, such as low - socioeconomic status Latino immigrants, 16 elderly Japanese people17 or patients
with chronic conditions such as heart failure18 19 or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.20 21 Studies yield contradictory results,
with some observing no association between depressive
symptoms and daily step count, 19 21 while others
report a negative correlation.16 — 18 20 In one cross-sectional sample
of healthy older adults, an inverse association between depressive
symptoms (using the Goldberg
Depression Scale - 15) and accelerometer measured daily step count disappeared after controlling for general health and disability.22 While a systematic review suggests reduced levels of objectively measured PA in patients with depression, 23 it is not known whether this association is present in those at high risk of CVD and taken into account important confounding such as gende
Depression Scale - 15) and accelerometer measured daily step count disappeared after controlling for general health and disability.22 While a systematic review suggests reduced levels
of objectively measured PA in patients
with depression, 23 it is not known whether this association is present in those at high risk of CVD and taken into account important confounding such as gende
depression, 23 it is not known whether this association is present in those at high risk
of CVD and taken into account important confounding such as gender and age.
While Rosa did not talk specifically in the Save the Children video about postpartum
depression, research shows that stressful life events, including premature birth, are risk factors for maternal
depression.24 Evaluation studies confirm that women who participated in home visiting programs were less likely to demonstrate
symptoms of depression and
reported improved mental outlook when compared
with control groups
of women who did not participate in home visiting.25 For example, parents participating in the Child First model — one
of the 20 evidence - based models eligible to receive funds from the Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting program — experienced lower levels
of stress and
depression at the end
of the program compared
with parents who did not participate.26
Research indicates that depressed mothers, especially when their
depression is chronic, are less sensitive
with their infants and toddlers, play
with and talk to their children less, and provide less supportive and age - appropriate limit setting and discipline than non-depressed mothers.4, 8,9 When mothers
report more chronic depressive
symptoms, their children are more likely to evidence insecure attachment relationships
with them, show less advanced language and cognitive development, be less cooperative, and have more difficulty controlling anger and aggression.8, 9 Lower levels
of maternal sensitivity and engagement explain some
of these findings.
The PFC34 is a 20 - item parental
report checklist designed to identify preschoolers (age 3.0 - 6.0 years)
with symptoms of depression.
Additionally, since the control group received no intervention to help mitigate depressive
symptoms, this result is consistent
with reports that caregiver
depression is linked
with heightened risk
of developmental problems in young children, either through disrupted parenting practices, or in response to a child's developmental delay (E. Cheng et al. 2015; Rose - Jacobs et al. 2008).
Mothers in food insecure households are significantly more likely to
report symptoms of depression and are more likely to exhibit inattentive or negative parenting behavior than parents in food secure households., Because early childhood development is facilitated by the infant's relationships
with caregivers, depressed and negative parenting can and does have adverse effects on a growing child's development.
Make Parenting A Pleasure was found to significantly reduce
symptoms of depression and increase
reported parenting skills compared
with the wait - list control group, demonstrating that MPAP is effective in improving outcomes for stressed families.
The overall prevalence estimates
of depression or depressive
symptoms reported by the 83 studies yielded a summary prevalence
of 27.0 % (10943 / 41344 individuals, 95 % CI 24.0 % to 29.0 %),
with significant between - study heterogeneity (p < 0.0001, τ2 = 0.3742, I2 = 96.7 %).