One possible clue was that small, cold stars tend to have close - in gas giants called hot Jupiters that stay in line, whereas bigger, hotter stars are more likely to have hot Jupiters
with tilted orbits.
Then we started finding some that were misaligned — planets
with tilted orbits or planets going around their star in the opposite direction from its spin, in what we call a retrograde orbit.
Not exact matches
The Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational - Wave Observatory's detection of spacetime ripples from two merging black holes on December 26, 2015, indicated that one black hole was spinning like a
tilted top as it
orbited with its companion (SN: 7/9/16, p. 8).
In 2013, the Kepler spacecraft found two
with orbits that are aligned
with each other but
tilted at about 45 degrees to the equatorial plane of their star, Kepler - 56.
Although both teams agree that HAT - P - 7b is
orbiting backwards, its
orbit is
tilted with respect to its star's equator, and the two teams disagree on the degree of
tilt.
As the
orbit of Mercury around the Sun is
tilted compared
with the
orbit of the Earth around the Sun, the planet normally appears to pass above or below our nearest star.
Because its
orbit is highly inclined [
tilted with respect to the equator].
Planets around other stars have been found
with wildly
tilted orbits, or «obliquities».
Asteroids in the newly identified Karin cluster (blue dots) hurtle along
orbits with similar sizes, shapes, and
tilts, pointing to their origin in a recent impact.
«These black holes are not like two aligned tornadoes
orbiting each other, but like two
tilted tornadoes,» says Laura Cadonati, a physicist at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta and deputy spokesperson for the 1000 scientists working
with LIGO.
Venus's
orbit is
tilted 3.4 degrees
with respect to ours, so from Earth's point of view, it usually slides by either above or below the sun.
And Titan's
orbit is odd: It is slightly elliptical rather than nearly circular and is
tilted with respect to Saturn's equator.
Coupled
with the orbital period, the poison gas's Doppler shift reveals that the planet's
orbit is
tilted 45 ° to our line of sight and that the world itself weighs six times more than Jupiter.
If that is the case, then our own solar system is not so odd,
with each planet's
orbit tilted slightly
with respect to the others.
Previous research suggested that Planet Nine would possess a highly
tilted orbit compared
with the relatively thin, flat zone in which the eight official planets circle the sun.
Exoplanets tell a different story,
with some
tilted at jaunty angles and others
orbiting their stars backwards.
Engineers have been pumping up the probe's
orbit around Saturn this year to increase its
tilt with respect to the planet's equator and rings.
The new belt lies at the far reaches of the Saturnian system,
with an
orbit tilted 27 degrees from the main ring plane.
It is the first known object
with a relatively circular but highly
tilted orbit beyond Neptune and Pluto.
Other planets of the Solar System, especially Jupiter, Mars and Venus, influence the Earth's
tilt and the shape of its
orbit, in a more - or-less cyclic fashion,
with significant effects on the intensity of sunshine falling on different regions of the Earth during the various seasons.
First, variations in the shape of the earth's
orbit (more versus less elliptical), the axial
tilt, and the direction of that
tilt with respect to perhelion all combine to affect the relative seasonal insolation for the northern and southern hemispheres.
I'm very interested in the next step of Mr. Smith's «Angular Momentum» which would be how these planetary alignments affect Earth's
orbit,
tilt axis, magnetic energy and gravity juxtaposed
with the Angular Momentum & Past / Future Solar Activity AM.
Earth rotates once every 24 hours around an axis that is
tilted at an angle of 23 ° 30 ′
with respect to the plane of its
orbit around the Sun.
The level of sunlight is very predictable as it varies
with cyclical changes in the shape of the Earth's
orbit around the Sun and in the
tilt of the Earth's axis, called Milankovitch cycles.
According to this theory, changes in the shape of Earth's
orbit around the sun (eccentricity), variations in Earth's axial
tilt (obliquity), and the tendency for Earth to «wobble»
with respect to the direction of its rotational axis (precession) affect climate.
Obliquity is the
tilt of the Earth's axis of rotation
with respect to the plane of its
orbit, which changes
with a period of about 41,000 years.
Some scientists think volcanoes may act in concert
with Milankovitch cycles — repeating changes in the shape of earth's solar
orbit, and the
tilt and direction of its axis — to produce suddenly seesawing hot and cold periods.
These climate oscillations have dominant periodicities, ranging from about 20 to 400 kyr, that coincide
with variations in the Earth's orbital elements [26], specifically the
tilt of the Earth's spin axis, the eccentricity of the
orbit and the time of year when the Earth is closest to the Sun.
Glacial — interglacial oscillations of the CO2 amount and ice sheet size are both slow climate feedbacks, because glacial — interglacial climate oscillations largely are instigated by insolation changes as the Earth's
orbit and
tilt of its spin axis change,
with the climate change then amplified by a nearly coincident change of the CO2 amount and the surface albedo.
Palaeoclimate studies show that differences in the manner in which the Earth
orbited the Sun during the Last Interglacial are sufficient to explain the higher temperatures over most parts of the Northern Hemisphere, particularly due to greater axial
tilt and eccentricity compared
with the present day orbital configuration.
1) Milankovitch cycles in the Earth's
orbit and
tilt with respect to the Sun produce small variations in the amount and spatial distribution of sunlight hitting the Earth.
The planets in our solar system all
orbit in a flat plane relative to the sun, but the plane itself rotates at a six - degree
tilt with respect to the sun, making the sun appear to have a jaunty angle — up to now nobody has known why.
Milankovitch cycles are periodic changes in the
orbit, rotation,
tilt, and proximity of the earth to the sun (amongst other astronomical variables to do
with the way the Earth wobbles while it cruises around the sun).
The Earth's
orbit grows slowly more and less elliptical, even as the angle of the planet's axial
tilt, and the wobble of the poles as the planet spins (much like what you see
with a spinning top), also change slightly over thousands of years.