But it also confirms many researchers» suspicion that higher carbon dioxide levels coincided
with warmer intervals during the study period.
Not exact matches
Feed your baby
with warm water at regular
intervals to keep her well hydrated.
It also has a few terrific features that I'm really grooving on, not the least of which are three
interval programs, each
with 16 customizable
intervals (you can even name them:
warm - up, fast, slow, etc.).
The Workout: Start
with a 10 - minute
warm - up, «jogging» in the deep end at an easy pace, then do
intervals: «sprint» for 1 minute, jog at an easy pace for 1 minute, sprint 2 minutes, jog 1 minute; repeat 3 to 4 times, then jog at an easy pace for 10 minutes to cool down.
Along
with the
warm - up and cool down, you'll get the perfect total body, high - intensity
interval training.
An easy to do
interval training program is to do a 5 - minute
warm - up followed by six
intervals of 30 - 60 seconds of hard exercise, alternated
with 60 seconds of easy exercise.
You have 30 minutes in order to include the
intervals, and
with a 10 minute
warm up and cool down each you'd have a total of 10 + 30 + 10 = 50 minutes.
Performing this in
intervals will allow your body to
warm up, and increase the flexibility and range of motion
with which you are able to perform the posture.
When doing these 5 sets
with 5 reps the first 2 sets should be
warm - up sets progressively increasing the weight
with the same
intervals.
Warm up for 10 minutes
with a light cycling before starting the
interval training.
Warm up for 5 minutes, and perform just a few alternating speed and recovery
intervals; 3 - 4 of each should be plenty and will give you a feel for it; finish
with an easy cool down.
In essence, the authors have revisited a question posed earlier in a paper by Willie Soon and Sallie Baliunas (2003: see our previous discussion here), investigating whether or not evidence from past proxy records of temperature support the existence of past
intervals of warmth
with the widespread global scale of 20th century
warming.
In contrast, the only
interval in the GISS or NCDC global time series that looks odd is during the WWII years between 1941 and 1945, where it appears that all the temperatures have a
warming bias of 0.1 C. I agree
with J.J.Kennedy that it is an artificial shift based on war - time procedures, but I think the corrections that Hadley made post-WWII were questionable.
This began roughly 150 years ago and,
with the exception of a few short
intervals of steady (or even very slight decreases in) temperatures, the planet continues to
warm at an even more rapid rate.
Those questioning the vulnerability of this species to
warming will point to its successful survival through two previous
warm intervals between ice ages as evidence the bear can deal
with reduced ice and other big environmental shifts.
Below you'll hear from scientists
with significant concerns about keystone sections of the paper — on the evidence for «superstorms» in the last
warm interval between ice ages, the Eemian, and on the pace at which seas could rise and the imminence of any substantial uptick in the rate of coastal inundation.
Total anthropogenic emissions of one trillion tonnes of carbon (3.67 trillion tonnes of CO2), about half of which has already been emitted since industrialization began, results in a most likely peak carbon - dioxide induced
warming of 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial temperatures,
with a 5 — 95 % confidence
interval of 1.3 — 3.9 degrees Celsius.
Mark — What are your thoughts about the analysis by Ramanathan and Feng (PNAS, Sept 17,2008: http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0803838105), in which they calculate the committed
warming of cumulative emissions since the pre-industrial era as in the region of 2.4 °C (
with a confidence
interval of 1.4 °C to 4.3 °C), based on calculating the equilibrium temperature if GHG concentrations are held at 2005 levels into the future.
«We also present a set of global vulnerability drivers that are known
with high confidence: (1) droughts eventually occur everywhere; (2)
warming produces hotter droughts; (3) atmospheric moisture demand increases nonlinearly
with temperature during drought; (4) mortality can occur faster in hotter drought, consistent
with fundamental physiology; (5) shorter droughts occur more frequently than longer droughts and can become lethal under
warming, increasing the frequency of lethal drought nonlinearly; and (6) mortality happens rapidly relative to growth
intervals needed for forest recovery.
A new analysis of the dramatic cycles of ice ages and
warm intervals over the past million years, published in Nature, concludes that the climatic swings are the gyrations of a system poised to settle into a quasi-permanent colder state —
with expanded ice sheets at both poles.
At the same time you harp on disagreements among the surface measures even though they all agree within the same confidence
intervals,, and all show significant
warming consistent
with IPCC estimates.
There were many ups and downs, but they had little effect on the overall
warming of about 0.5 — 0.6 C calculated for the entire
interval (compare the black line
with the individual red and blue bars)..
Two cooling
intervals alternated
with two
warming intervals.
«The simulations rule out (at the 95 % level) zero trends for
intervals of 15 years or more, suggesting that an absence of
warming of this duration is needed to create a discrepancy
with the observed
warming rate.»
''... worked
with two sediment cores they extracted from the seabed of the eastern Norwegian Sea, developing a 1000 - year proxy temperature record «based on measurements of δ18O in Neogloboquadrina pachyderma, a planktonic foraminifer that calcifies at relatively shallow depths within the Atlantic waters of the eastern Norwegian Sea during late summer,» which they compared
with the temporal histories of various proxies of concomitant solar activity... This work revealed, as the seven scientists describe it, that «the lowest isotope values (highest temperatures) of the last millennium are seen ~ 1100 - 1300 A.D., during the Medieval Climate Anomaly, and again after ~ 1950 A.D.» In between these two
warm intervals, of course, were the colder temperatures of the Little Ice Age, when oscillatory thermal minima occurred at the times of the Dalton, Maunder, Sporer and Wolf solar minima, such that the δ18O proxy record of near - surface water temperature was found to be «robustly and near - synchronously correlated
with various proxies of solar variability spanning the last millennium,»
with decade - to century - scale temperature variability of 1 to 2 °C magnitude.»
«The authors write that «the Mediterranean region is one of the world's most vulnerable areas
with respect to global
warming,»... they thus consider it to be extremely important to determine what impact further temperature increases might have on the storminess of the region... produced a high - resolution record of paleostorm events along the French Mediterranean coast over the past 7000 years... from the sediment bed of Pierre Blanche Lagoon [near Montpellier, France]... nine French scientists, as they describe it, «recorded seven periods of increased storm activity at 6300 - 6100, 5650 - 5400, 4400 - 4050, 3650 - 3200, 2800 - 2600, 1950 - 1400, and 400 - 50 cal yr BP,» the latter of which
intervals they associate
with the Little Ice Age.
And from NOAA:» The simulations rule out (at the 95 % level) zero trends for
intervals of 15 yr or more, suggesting that an observed absence of
warming of this duration is needed to create a discrepancy
with the expected present - day
warming rate.»
The peak of the Modern
Warming is, at most, 0.1 to 0.2 °C
warmer than the peaks of three comparable, non-carbonated,
intervals of the Medieval
Warm Period, consistent
with a net climate sensitivity of ~ 0.5 °C.
All it gives is an eyeball comparison of spatial colour maps for the 1901 - 2010
intervals, and later on the same page notes that the similarity is not as good for the 1979 - 2010
interval,
with evidence of model over-prediction of
warming in a number of areas.
These salinity shifts correspond well in timing to the OHC shifts, which are also coincident
with surface transitions from global -
warming slowdown to rapid
warming and then to the current slowdown,
with intervals between shifts lasting about three decades.
Medieval
warm period (MWP), also called medieval
warm epoch or little climatic optimum, brief climatic
interval that is hypothesized to have occurred from approximately 900 ce to 1300 (roughly coinciding
with the Middle Ages in Europe), in which relatively
warm conditions are said to have prevailed in various parts of the world, though predominantly in the Northern Hemisphere from Greenland eastward through Europe and parts of Asia.
The answer, Izen, is of course that when Obama held his «5 to 10 years global
warming acceleration» speech, he had not the faintest idea that 5 years is a totally irrelevant
interval when talking about decades long climate trends; and he doesn't have the faintest idea about that because he wouldn't know a physical unit if it crawled up his nose and died there.A trend over 5 years is not much better than noise, and detecting an ACCELERATION
with such a noisy trend is entirely impossible.
«At all sites and during
warm as well as cold climatic
intervals SST values are well above 0 °C (i.e., ranging between about 5 and 12 °C), suggesting that the SST data represent more the summer situation
with ice - free conditions.»
The simulations rule out (at the 95 % level) zero trends for
intervals of 15 yr or more, suggesting that an observed absence of
warming of this duration is needed to create a discrepancy
with the expected present - day
warming rate.hV HT»
Intervals of sustained low extent of sea ice cover occurred before AD 1200, and may be coincident
with the so - called Medieval
Warm Optimum (roughly AD 800 — 1300) attested in numerous Northern Hemisphere proxy records18, but the pre-industrial minimum occurred before, at about AD 640 (T3 in Fig. 3).
The speedometer for the 15 years 4 months January 2001 to April 2016 shows the [1.1, 4.2] C ° / century - equivalent
interval of global
warming rates (red / orange) that IPCC's 1990, 1995 and 2001 reports predicted should be occurring by now, compared
with real - world, observed
warming (green) equivalent to less than 0.5 C ° / century over the period.
Current observations are consistent
with paleodata from
warm intervals in Earth's ancient past.
One of these occurred during the early to middle Miocene (about 17 Myr ago), a time well established as a
warm interval (relative to today), but
with proxy evidence for low atmospheric pCO2 (ref.
Also, RGB at Duke would scold R.Gates for making the «schtick» «First, the climate now is not
warmer than it was in the Holocene Optimum (do not make the mistake of conflating the high frequency, high resolution «2004 ″ data point
with the smoothed low frequency, low resolution data in the curve — even the figure's caption warns against doing that — for the very good reason that in every 300 year smoothed upswing it is statistically certain that the upswing involved multidecadal
intervals of temperatures much higher than the running mean.
«Accounting for multiple sources of uncertainty, a composite of several OHCA curves using different XBT bias corrections still yields a statistically significant linear
warming trend for 1993 — 2008 of 0.64 W m - 2 (calculated for the Earth's entire surface area),
with a 90 - per - cent confidence
interval of 0.53 — 0.75 W m - 2.»
The probability spread of one U.S. hurricane is the same for both extreme events, however,
with both
warm and cold phases exhibiting a 90 % confidence
interval of 13 percent:
warm phase from 45 to 58 percent, cold phase from 18 to 31 percent.
If the
interval for it to average out to zero is much longer than we could mistake a temporary imbalance
with a duration of many decades or centuries for GHG
warming.
With the use of a climate model of intermediate complexity, we demonstrate that with mwp - 1A originating from the Antarctic Ice Sheet, consistent with recent sea - level fingerprinting inferences, the strength of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) formation increases, thereby warming the North Atlantic region and providing an explanation for the onset of the Bølling - Allerød warm inter
With the use of a climate model of intermediate complexity, we demonstrate that
with mwp - 1A originating from the Antarctic Ice Sheet, consistent with recent sea - level fingerprinting inferences, the strength of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) formation increases, thereby warming the North Atlantic region and providing an explanation for the onset of the Bølling - Allerød warm inter
with mwp - 1A originating from the Antarctic Ice Sheet, consistent
with recent sea - level fingerprinting inferences, the strength of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) formation increases, thereby warming the North Atlantic region and providing an explanation for the onset of the Bølling - Allerød warm inter
with recent sea - level fingerprinting inferences, the strength of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) formation increases, thereby
warming the North Atlantic region and providing an explanation for the onset of the Bølling - Allerød
warm interval.