This is seen occurring naturally, especially in association
with warm ocean surface in connection with the El Nino Southern Oscillation.
Thus the more energy from the sun the faster the hydrological cycle will run
with warmer ocean surfaces, more zonal and / or more poleward jets and a faster expulsion of energy to space.
Not exact matches
Those weather patterns are linked to
warmer surface temperatures in the Pacific and Atlantic
oceans, respectively, and correlated
with the timing of observed floods on the lower Mississippi.
«We're finding planets
with ocean that, although cold at the
surface, are likely
warm at the bottom.
In periods when the
ocean surface warms (associated
with red), the prevailing winds are more prone to sweep down from the north.
Analyzing data collected over a 20 - month period, scientists from NASA's Goddard Space Flight center in Greenbelt, Md., and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology found that the number of cirrus clouds above the Pacific
Ocean declines
with warmer sea
surface temperatures.
Ocean Only: The global ocean surface temperature for the year to date was 0.99 °F (0.55 °C) above average, tying with 2010 as the second warmest such period on record, behind only
Ocean Only: The global
ocean surface temperature for the year to date was 0.99 °F (0.55 °C) above average, tying with 2010 as the second warmest such period on record, behind only
ocean surface temperature for the year to date was 0.99 °F (0.55 °C) above average, tying
with 2010 as the second
warmest such period on record, behind only 1998.
The visualization shows how the 1997 event started from colder - than - average sea
surface temperatures — but the 2015 event started
with warmer - than - average temperatures not only in the Pacific but also in in the Atlantic and Indian
Oceans.
At that time, changes in atmospheric - oceanic circulation led to a stratification in the
ocean with a cold layer at the
surface and a
warm layer below.
The new analysis combines sea -
surface temperature records
with meteorological station measurements and tests alternative choices for
ocean records, urban
warming and tropical and Arctic oscillations.
Invasive species are entering the region
with or without shipping, says Ted Scambos of the National Snow and Ice Data Center in Colorado;
warming of the Arctic
Ocean's
surface temperatures has already increased mixing
with foreign waters and all the microbes they contain.
For example, scientists have found that El Niño and La Niña, the periodic
warming and cooling of
surface waters in the central and eastern tropical Pacific
Ocean, are correlated
with a higher probability of wet or dry conditions in different regions around the globe.
A low - altitude flow of
warm, moist air from an
ocean area combined
with a flow of cold, dry polar air high up creates maximum instability, which means that parcels of air heated near the
surface rise rapidly, creating powerful updrafts.
Prevailing scientific wisdom asserts that the deceleration of circulation diminishes the
ocean's ability to absorb anthropogenic CO2 from the atmosphere as
surface waters
warm and become saturated
with CO2.
«Such a slowdown is consistent
with the projected effects of anthropogenic climate change, where
warming and freshening of the
surface ocean from melting ice caps leads to weaker overturning circulation,» DeVries explained.
The study bolsters the idea that Mars once had a
warmer climate and active hydrologic cycle,
with water evaporating from an ancient
ocean, returning to the
surface as rainfall and eroding the planet's extensive network of valleys.
While the planet's
surface didn't
warm as fast, vast amounts of heat energy continued to accumulate in the
oceans and
with the switch in the PDO, some of this energy could now spill back into the atmosphere.
June 2013 tied
with 2006 as the fifth
warmest June across global land and
ocean surfaces, at 0.64 °C (1.15 °F) above the 20th century average of 15.5 °C (59.9 °F).
With higher levels of carbon dioxide and higher average temperatures, the
oceans»
surface waters
warm and sea ice disappears, and the marine world will see increased stratification, intense nutrient trapping in the deep Southern
Ocean (also known as the Antarctic
Ocean) and nutrition starvation in the other
oceans.
With ENSO - neutral conditions present during the first half of 2013, the January — June global temperature across land and ocean surfaces tied with 2003 as the seventh warmest such period, at 0.59 °C (1.06 °F) above the 20th century aver
With ENSO - neutral conditions present during the first half of 2013, the January — June global temperature across land and
ocean surfaces tied
with 2003 as the seventh warmest such period, at 0.59 °C (1.06 °F) above the 20th century aver
with 2003 as the seventh
warmest such period, at 0.59 °C (1.06 °F) above the 20th century average.
However, for the globe as a whole,
surface air temperatures over land have risen at about double the
ocean rate after 1979 (more than 0.27 °C per decade vs. 0.13 °C per decade),
with the greatest
warming during winter (December to February) and spring (March to May) in the Northern Hemisphere.
Surface temperature is only a small fraction of our climate
with most of global
warming going into the
oceans.
For the change in annual mean
surface air temperature in the various cases, the model experiments show the familiar pattern documented in the SAR
with a maximum
warming in the high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and a minimum in the Southern
Ocean (due to ocean heat uptak
Ocean (due to
ocean heat uptak
ocean heat uptake)(2)
Consistent
with observed changes in
surface temperature, there has been an almost worldwide reduction in glacier and small ice cap (not including Antarctica and Greenland) mass and extent in the 20th century; snow cover has decreased in many regions of the Northern Hemisphere; sea ice extents have decreased in the Arctic, particularly in spring and summer (Chapter 4); the
oceans are
warming; and sea level is rising (Chapter 5).
With the removal of the
warm surface waters, an upwelling current is created in the east Pacific
Ocean, bringing cold water up from deeper levels.
The research published in Nature Communications found that in the past, when
ocean temperatures around Antarctica became more layered -
with a
warm layer of water below a cold
surface layer - ice sheets and glaciers melted much faster than when the cool and
warm layers mixed more easily.
With the contribution of such record warmth at year's end and with 10 months of the year record warm for their respective months, including the last 8 (January was second warmest for January and April was third warmest), the average global temperature across land and ocean surface areas for 2015 was 0.90 °C (1.62 °F) above the 20th century average of 13.9 °C (57.0 °F), beating the previous record warmth of 2014 by 0.16 °C (0.29
With the contribution of such record warmth at year's end and
with 10 months of the year record warm for their respective months, including the last 8 (January was second warmest for January and April was third warmest), the average global temperature across land and ocean surface areas for 2015 was 0.90 °C (1.62 °F) above the 20th century average of 13.9 °C (57.0 °F), beating the previous record warmth of 2014 by 0.16 °C (0.29
with 10 months of the year record
warm for their respective months, including the last 8 (January was second
warmest for January and April was third
warmest), the average global temperature across land and
ocean surface areas for 2015 was 0.90 °C (1.62 °F) above the 20th century average of 13.9 °C (57.0 °F), beating the previous record warmth of 2014 by 0.16 °C (0.29 °F).
Not surprisingly, given that the
surface ocean is responsible for much of atmospheric
warming,
ocean warming and global
surface air temperatures vary largely in phase
with one another.
Most of Earth's land
surfaces were
warmer than average or much
warmer than average, according to the Land &
Ocean Temperature Percentiles map above,
with record warmth notable across most of equatorial and northeastern South America and parts of southeastern Asia.
Much
warmer - than - average temperatures engulfed most of the world's
oceans during June 2016,
with record high sea
surface temperatures across parts of the central and southwest Pacific
Ocean, northwestern and southwestern Atlantic
Ocean, and across parts of the northeastern Indian
Ocean.
Scientists say they've discovered evidence of a watery
ocean with warm spots hiding beneath the
surface of Saturn's icy moon Enceladus.
At that point in geological history, global
surface temperatures were rising naturally
with spurts of rapid regional
warming in areas like the North Atlantic
Ocean.
The diagnostics, which are used to compare model - simulated and observed changes, are often simple temperature indices such as the global mean
surface temperature and
ocean mean
warming (Knutti et al., 2002, 2003) or the differential
warming between the SH and NH (together
with the global mean; Andronova and Schlesinger, 2001).
A circular room studded
with windows eight metres (26 feet) beneath the
ocean's
surface reveals up to 300 species of colourful coral, fish and other marine life, fed by an unusually
warm current.
[21] More male pups are produced than female pups in years
with warmer sea
surface temperature in the northeastern Pacific
Ocean.
Evidence that
warm surface ocean oscillations are associated
with increased downward net radiation at the TOA.
Since OHC uptake efficiency associated
with surface warming is low compared
with the rate of radiative restoring (increase in energy loss to space as specified by the climate feedback parameter), an important internal contribution must lead to a loss rather than a gain of
ocean heat; thus the observation of OHC increase requires a dominant role for external forcing.
During La Niña events (
with cold
ocean surface) the
ocean absorbs additional heat that it releases during El Niño events (when the
ocean surface is
warm).
The CO2 concentration of the atmosphere is going up continuously, and so it invades the
ocean as it equilibrates
with warm surface waters.
Secondly, since the
ocean warming is shown to be consistent
with the land
surface changes, this helps validate the
surface temperature record, which is then unlikely to be purely an artifact of urban biases etc..
In terms of the gold that a climate science denier might find in the paper, at the very least, they could argue that the fact that the troposphere isn't
warming more quickly than the
surface shows that the climate models are unreliable — even though the models predict just the pattern of
warming that we see —
with the troposphere
warming more quickly than the
surface over the
ocean but less quickly than the
surface over land.
Temperature tends to respond so that, depending on optical properties, LW emission will tend to reduce the vertical differential heating by cooling
warmer parts more than cooler parts (for the
surface and atmosphere); also (not significant within the atmosphere and
ocean in general, but significant at the interface betwen the
surface and the air, and also significant (in part due to the small heat fluxes involved, viscosity in the crust and somewhat in the mantle (where there are thick boundary layers
with superadiabatic lapse rates) and thermal conductivity of the core) in parts of the Earth's interior) temperature changes will cause conduction / diffusion of heat that partly balances the differential heating.
The
warming of the world
ocean is associated
with an increase in global
surface air temperature, downward longwave radiation, and therefore net heat flux.
They relate the current hiatus period at the
surface and a deeper penetration of the
warming into the
ocean with changes in the trade winds on the subtropical Pacific (intensification).
Also, if you look at Table T2 in this paper, you will see that
ocean sea surface heat storage 0 - 700m from 1955 - 2003 (in W / m2) is always higher at northern latitudes than the corresponding southern latitudes in every case, even with the extensive Southern Ocean warming as noted by Gavin responding to
ocean sea
surface heat storage 0 - 700m from 1955 - 2003 (in W / m2) is always higher at northern latitudes than the corresponding southern latitudes in every case, even
with the extensive Southern
Ocean warming as noted by Gavin responding to
Ocean warming as noted by Gavin responding to # 18.
Paul S (# 1)-- Since the Planck Response dominates over positive feedback responses to temperature, wouldn't a La Nina - like failure of
surface temperature to rise lead to an increase rather than a reduction in energy accumulation compared
with accumulation during a
surface warming — presumably a small increase, so that the observed rise in
ocean heat content would still be substantial?
Gavin, I agree completely
with the standard picture that you describe, but I don't agree
with the claim that ``... as
surface temperatures and the
ocean heat content are rising together, it almost certainly rules out intrinsic variability of the climate system as a major cause for the recent
warming».
IF cool deep sea water were mixed relentlessly
with surface water by some engineering method --(e.g. lots of wave operated pumps and 800m pipes) could that enouromous cool reservoir of water a) mitigate the thermal expansion of the
oceans because of the differential in thermal expansion of cold and
warm water, and b) cool the atmosphere enough to reduce the other wise expected effects of global
warming?
It stands to reason that the
oceans haven't been that
warm in a while but since the average temperature of the whole mass of water is so dependent on circulation (it's only the
surface temperature that's constrained by its interactions
with the atmosphere and space), I suppose a plausible history of that particular value would be very hard to reconstruct.
These are large rotating masses of water, in each
ocean basin, where
ocean currents converge at their centre and are forced downwards, taking
warm surface water
with them.