A second line of research is to use
skeletal muscle formation in the chick embryo as a model to understand how cells
within tissues display complex behaviours while being exposed to an ever - changing cellular environment.
One theory proposes that once the storage capacity of subcutaneous adipose
tissue (SAT) depots is exceeded under conditions of energy excess, either as a result of impaired expandability and / or excessive hypertrophic growth, fat deposition
within visceral depots and non-adipose
tissues including the liver,
skeletal muscle and pancreas can ensue.93 This can subsequently lead to the development of systemic IR and a series of associated cardiometabolic disorders including dyslipidaemia, dysglycaemia, hyperinsulinaemia and hypertension.3 Expression of pro-inflammatory mediators including interleukins 1 (IL - 1), 6 (IL - 6), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF - α) and resistin, are also increased which can further potentiate IR and promote atherosclerosis.