As it had turned out that even large - scale features of the model are rather sensitive to changes in the data set, particularly for the earlier part the model, the final model was obtained as the average of 2000 models where data and ages were varied
within their uncertainty estimates and bootstraps on the final data sets were performed (hence version number 1b).
Global mean temperatures averaged over land and ocean surfaces, from three different estimates, each of which has been independently adjusted for various homogeneity issues, are consistent
within uncertainty estimates over the period 1901 to 2005 and show similar rates of increase in recent decades.
Not exact matches
The measured differences in the mass - to - charge ratios are compatible with zero
within the
estimated uncertainties, in agreement with expectations for CPT symmetry.
«Although the different
estimates of OHCA (ocean heat content anomaly) produce seemingly different
estimates of interannual ocean heating rate variability, these differences are all
within the range of observational
uncertainty.
Comparisons with stellar parameter
estimates from the literature show good agreement
within uncertainties.
The 16 planetary candidates have
estimated diameters
within range of being super-Earths (1.26 to 2.0 times Earth's diameter), given error margins ranging from 25 to 35 percent due to the
uncertainty in the size of their host star and of the «depth» of the observed transits (decrease in stellar luminosity) across the surface of the star.
When differences in scaling between previous studies are accounted for, the various current and previous
estimates of NH mean surface temperature are largely consistent
within uncertainties, despite the differences in methodology and mix of proxy data back to approximately A.D. 1000... Conclusions are less definitive for the SH and globe, which we attribute to larger
uncertainties arising from the sparser available proxy data in the SH.
In my every day life it is useful even
within uncertainties of 10 — 20 % (caused by
uncertainty in predicted velocity) when
estimating time of arrival.
Trend
estimates from the latest reanalyses agree with those based on station data
within the accepted
uncertainties of those
estimates.
Indeed, the bizarre resulting claim by MM of anomalous 15th century warmth (which falls
within the heart of the «Little Ice Age») is at odds with not only the MBH98 reconstruction, but, in fact the roughly dozen other
estimates now published that agree with MBH98
within estimated uncertainties.
Many different models have now demonstrated that our understanding of current forcings, long - term observations of the land surface and ocean temperature changes and the canonical
estimates of climate forcing are all consistent
within the
uncertainties.
So after considering all of that, the
estimated current «surface» temperature produces an
estimated effective radiant return energy from the atmosphere of about 345Wm - 3 + / - 9 called DWLR which, had the average effective radiant energy of the oceans been used, ~ 334Wm - 2 would have created less confusion and still have been
within a more realistic
uncertainty range of + / - 17 Wm - 2.
Our experiments suggest that both statistical approaches should yield reliable reconstructions of the true climate history
within estimated uncertainties, given
estimates of the signal and noise attributes of actual proxy data networks.
This is
within the
uncertainty range of the observed rate of warming (0.15 ± 0.08 °C) per decade since 1990, and very close to the central
estimate.
This ends up changing
estimates of cumulative carbon emissions since the pre-industrial period, but given the large
uncertainties involved the authors caution against using these revisions to draw conclusions about remaining carbon budgets associated with staying
within the 2C or 1.5 C warming targets.
Because of the many
uncertainties involved, any
estimate of climate sensitivity comes with a range, a lower and upper limit
within which the real value could reasonably lie.
In AR4 these mostly offset each other, but AR5 does have central
estimates with wide
uncertainties that the forcing really is changing faster than that from CO2 alone while the AR4 offsetting is still comfortably
within the
uncertainty too.
I acknowledge that 2011 fell
within the
uncertainty range of the model
estimates, althought the range was 0.8 C wide.
Lewis's
estimate for this budget, he says, lies «well
within the
uncertainty range» of the IPCC, meaning it's not outside their
estimates.
When this is done, it is indeed possible to quantitatively compare the instrumental record of the past few decades with earlier
estimates from the proxy reconstruction,
within the context of the
estimated uncertainties in the reconstructed values (again see the comparisons here, with the instrumental record clearly distinguished in red, the proxy reconstructions indicated by e.g. blue or green, and the
uncertainties indicated by shading).
Taking into account the
uncertainties, both methodologies place 2014
within the top 10 % of the warmest years over the reanalysis period (since 1979), demonstrating the consistency of these various
estimates.
Rates computed using alternative approaches over the longest common interval (1900 — 2003) agree with this
estimate within the
uncertainty.
If we get
estimates within 15 % (33ºC vs 28ºC) that is usually close enough, since other
uncertainties are likely to be in the mix.
[15] A crude revised central
estimate is 3.4 °C, being the median ECS of the 7 models (CGCM3.1, HadCM3, CanESM2, IPSL - CM5A, MRI - CGCM3, NCAR - CAM5, NorESM1 - M) whose seasonal variability lies
within the
uncertainty range for the observational
estimate, after substituting the Brient & Schneider consistency assessment for the 4 models where if differs radically.