Sentences with phrase «without feedback effects»

However, the results support the occurrence of unidirectional causality from energy consumption to CO2 emissions without any feedback effects, and there exists bidirectional causal relationship between economic growth and CO2 emissions for the region as a whole.

Not exact matches

The Congressional Budget Office released a report on Friday that said a repeal of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), over the next decade, would «probably increase budget deficits with or without considering the effects of macroeconomic feedback.»

Earlier studies on the sensitivity of tropical cyclones to past climates have only analyzed the effect of changes in the solar radiation from orbital forcing on the formation of tropical cyclones, without considering the feedbacks associated to the consequent greening of the Sahara.

«We observed that a multifaceted audit and feedback intervention aimed at health professionals results in a slight reduction in the rate of caesareans for low - risk pregnancies, without adverse effects on maternal and neonatal health,» revealed Nils Chaillet, principal investigator of the QUARISMA trial, researcher at the CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Centre and professor at Université Laval's Faculty of Medicine.

Based on the research, a practice test followed by feedback did not yield significantly higher testing effects than practice tests without feedback.

- after the remakes of Terry's Wonderland 3D and Dragon Quest Monsters 2, Yuji Horii asked the team what should be next - the choices were Caravan Heart (GBA), a professional version of Dragon Quest Monsters 2, or a brand new game - the staff made the plot together with Takeshi Uchikawa (who is currently directing Dragon Quest XI)- the suggestion was to make the theme become something catchy, which lead to a science fiction vibe - Horii said «anything's alright as long as it's interesting» - the creation of the Dragon Quest Monsters: Super Light helped build Joker 3 - fan feedback from the mobile game was used, which lead to monster stats being seen - the Reactor device lets you easily see all the things that occur on the field - the team had some trouble bringing together the ridable monsters aspect of the game, but eventually worked it out - the full game starts off with monsters that players can ride on land - you'll eventually unlock sea, air, and multi-jump land rising monsters - a «Big Air ride» was teased as well - by clearing the story, features will be unlocked that further modify monsters such as abilities and changing their sizes - Stealth Boxes which can not be found without using the Reactor only contains useful items that are optional - compulsory items that are needed to be found with the Reactor are placed in non-stealth locations - accessories can strengthen monsters, but monster strength is mainly determined from raising and combining them - features more offense - related content in the form of new spells and skills - new water - type spells are included - new skills added enable more detailed adjustments in versus, adding more strategic features - one of the items that can be bought with Communication Coins has the same effect with «Key of Encounters» - this lets players recruit monsters a bit more easily they've befriended before - since Communication Coins can only be obtained from multiplayer battles, it's completely optional - people who still do StreetPass but don't want to do multiplayer battles can still get them by combining monsters - DLC monsters are planned to be added regularly post-release until around Golden Week (April 29 — May 5)- - A national tournament is also planned, with more details coming later - carryover feature from Dragon Quest Monsters 2 that comes into play after the ending - players can bring up to 10 monsters which are ranked A or below from DQM2 to DQMJ3 each day

Note also that going back to the ice ages, the glacial - interglacial temperature swing can not be explained without full water vapour feedback on top of both the ice sheet albedo and CO2 effects.

First, for changing just CO2 forcing (or CH4, etc, or for a non-GHE forcing, such as a change in incident solar radiation, volcanic aerosols, etc.), there will be other GHE radiative «forcings» (feedbacks, though in the context of measuring their radiative effect, they can be described as having radiative forcings of x W / m2 per change in surface T), such as water vapor feedback, LW cloud feedback, and also, because GHE depends on the vertical temperature distribution, the lapse rate feedback (this generally refers to the tropospheric lapse rate, though changes in the position of the tropopause and changes in the stratospheric temperature could also be considered lapse - rate feedbacks for forcing at TOA; forcing at the tropopause with stratospheric adjustment takes some of that into account; sensitivity to forcing at the tropopause with stratospheric adjustment will generally be different from sensitivity to forcing without stratospheric adjustment and both will generally be different from forcing at TOA before stratospheric adjustment; forcing at TOA after stratospehric adjustment is identical to forcing at the tropopause after stratospheric adjustment).

The sun can not create a larger effect than it's change without positive feedback.

That means that the (positive) response to GHGs must be lower than currently implemented in the models (the direct effect — without feedbacks — of anthropogenic GHG forcing is currently ~ 0.3 K).

The equation seems to be from Mann 1998, and is for the warming effect from CO2 without feedbacks.

Now many people have calculated the effect of doubling CO2 in the atmosphere and all agree that this would have the same effect as a 1.3 % increase in solar flux and without any feedbacks would lead to about a 1 degree K increase in global average temperature.

The main place this attempt at modelling breaks down, IMHO, is assessing the effect of a change in radiation balance on a change in global temperature, without feedbacks.

In effect he is saying that it is almost impossible to differentiate the forcing effect of cloud cover from the feedback effect — and without being able to do this you can not quantify the feedback sensitvity of the climate using cloud cover data.

However, the amplitude of solar forcing is small when compared with the climatic effects and, without reliable data sets, it is unclear which feedback mechanisms could have amplified the forcing.

The prominent upward trend in the GM precipitation occurring in the last century and the notable strengthening of the global monsoon in the last 30 yr (1961 — 90) appear unprecedented and are due possibly in part to the increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, though the authors» simulations of the effects from recent warming may be overestimated without considering the negative feedbacks from aerosols.

Without the elusive, unproven feedback effect there is no problem.

Hi again, «Yes the feedback overrides the CO2 effect, but this larger effect would not be there without CO2, so which is responsible?

Methane is an important part of the anthropogenic radiative forcing Methane emissions have a direct GHG effect, and they effect atmospheric chemistry and stratospheric water vapour which have additional impacts natural feedbacks involving methane likely to be important in future — via wetland response to temperature / rain change, atmospheric chemistry and, yes, arctic sources There are large stores of carbon in the Arctic, some stored as hydrates, some potentially convertible to CH4 by anaerobic resporation [from wikianswers: Without oxygen.

Even without feedback, CO2 doubling far exceeds these, so attention to them is disproportionate to their effect.

In particular: i) the emphasis on reconstructions of historical temperature records; ii) the over-sensitivity of climate models; iii) the exaggeration of positive feedback mechanisms and the opposite with respect to negative feedbacks; iv) the over-statement of second and Nth - order effects of warming on natural processes and society as «impacts»; v) the IPCC reports are not written exclusively by scientists, but in the case of WGII and WGIII especially, are, as has been discovered — by sceptics — written by academics from other disciplines, often without any remarkable expertise, and by activists, with particular agendas.

But if they found a small negative or positive feedback without specifying the overall effect on warming, then it would be put as no position.

This will entail clearing up all the uncertainties surrounding this hypothesis, notably the expected temperature impact of doubling atmospheric CO2, with and without the net «amplifying or mitigating effects» of any postulated feedbacks, as pointed out earlier by Dr. Curry.

Since the equation [f = (1 — bκ)-- 1] → ∞ as b → [κ — 1 = 3.2 W m — 2 K — 1], the feedback - sum b can not exceed 3.2 W m — 2 K — 1 without inducing a runaway greenhouse effect.

You are asking about the effect of doubling CO2: «the direct response of the surface temperature to radiative forcing by the increased CO2, without any feedbacks ``.

Without convection you could get a «runaway» greenhouse effect, but since the atmosphere isn't a closed system with physical barriers, convection is negative feedback to warming.

To achieve critical mass, a multi-sided platform uses both pricing and design choices, and, without critical mass on all sides, the positive feedback effects that enable the platform's unique matching abilities might not be achieved.