In fact, childhood stressors such as abuse,
witnessing domestic violence, and other forms of household dysfunction are highly interrelated23, 24 and have a graded relationship to
numerous health and social problems.23 - 28 We examined the relationship of 8 adverse childhood experiences (childhood abuse [emotional, physical, and sexual],
witnessing domestic violence, parental separation or divorce, and living with substance - abusing, mentally ill, or criminal household members) to the lifetime risk of suicide
attempts.