Sentences with phrase «wk study»

One of these trials was a 12 - wk study of weight loss in 32 nonobese individuals, which confirmed the loss of 6.5 % of body weight in the ADF intervention arm compared with the nonfasting control arm (36).

«In a randomized, crossover 5 - wk study design, we recently reported that a weight - maintaining diet in which the percentage of total food energy as protein was increased from 15 - 30 % resulted in a decrease in postprandial glucose and glycohemoglobin in people with untreated type 2 diabetes without a significant change in insulin»

Mean (± SEM) total glycated hemoglobin response of subjects to the control (15 % protein) and high - protein (30 % protein) diets over the 5 - wk study period.

However, at the beginning of the first 5 - wk study period, the glucose concentration had decreased to 114 mg / dL, which is lower than ideal for a study designed to show a decrease in glucose concentration.

Not exact matches

We used 1 mg [13C10] vitamin A [in the present study: Mretinol = retinol — H2O = m / z (mass / charge, a unit for mass spectrometry) 268, M [13C10] retinol = m / z 268 + 10 = m / z 278] in an oil capsule as a reference dose given 1 wk before the Golden Rice meal.

In the study by Merewood et al. (27), the rate of any breastfeeding at 12 wk PP was considerably higher in the intervention group than in controls (OR: 2.81, 95 % CI: 1.11 — 7.14; P = 0.03).

The intervention tested by Bonuck et al. (31) yielded impressive results with significantly higher rates of any breastfeeding through 20 wk PP, with the exception of week 18 (53 vs. 39 %, P < 0.05) and greater breastfeeding intensity (defined as more than half of feedings derived from breast milk in this study) through 9 wk (46 vs. 33 %, P < 0.05) in the intervention (vs. control) group.

The mean age (in y, d, h, or wk) of each study's subjects is shown in ascending order of age at which glucose concentrations were measured.

The pooled mean difference was similar in the 8 studies that measured blood glucose within the first 4 wk of life (7 after exclusive breastfeeding) and in 4 studies conducted in infancy that measured blood glucose 3 mo to 1 y after birth (a group likely to have been weaned).

(A and B) Figures correspond to representative pictures of the five animals studied, except in the case of the animals treated with WT pancreas homogenate and sacrificed at 10 wk old; in which, 2 animals died of unrelated reasons.

For the F0 IVC males, the aforementioned fertility study was repeated two to three times at intervals of 2 wk.

Similar to the above study, they found that, «There were significant increases in total and LDL cholesterol that returned to values that were not significantly different than wk 0 values at the end of the ketogenic diet period.»

The ratio remained stable over the 5 wk of the study.

We studied the consequences of a 15 % increase in energy from dietary protein in 19 subjects under weight - stable conditions (isocaloric diets) during the first 4 wk of the protocol and during active weight loss (ad libitum diet) in the final 12 wk of the protocol.

Unlike our previous study, ghrelin AUC values were significantly increased after 12 wk of ad libitum high - protein intake (11).

This decrease in spontaneous caloric intake was significantly greater (P = 0.04) than the 222 ± 81 kcal / d decrease noted at 12 wk in our previous study of carbohydrate substitution for dietary fat at constant protein intake (11).

The decrease in insulin AUC to baseline values after 12 wk of the ad libitum high - protein diet most likely reflects a decrease in the stimulus for insulin secretion resulting from the overall decrease in energy intake by this point in the study.

This has been reported in acute (38 — 42) as well as in longer - term (5 d to 3 wk) studies (43 — 47); however, this is not a consistent finding.

In the present study we tested the hypothesis that a 5 - wk period of increased dietary protein results in a lower plasma glucose concentration in persons with mild, untreated type 2 diabetes.

Some important studies include: • Beneficial effects of a high carbohydrate, high fiber diet on hyperglycemic diabetic men (1976) • Response of non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients to an intensive program of diet and exercise (1982) • Diet and exercise in the treatment of NIDDM: The need for early emphasis (1994) • Toward improved management of NIDDM: A randomized, controlled, pilot intervention using a low fat, vegetarian diet (1999) • The effects of a low - fat, plant - based dietary intervention on body weight, metabolism, and insulin sensitivity (2005) • A low - fat vegan diet improves glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in a randomized clinical trial in individuals with type 2 diabetes (2006) • A low - fat vegan diet and a conventional diabetes diet in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a randomized, controlled, 74 - wk clinical trial (2009) • Vegetarian diet improves insulin resistance and oxidative stress markers more than conventional diet in subjects with Type 2 diabetes (2011) • Glycemic and cardiovascular parameters improved in type 2 diabetes with the high nutrient density (HND) diet (2012)

This is the first study to show adverse effects of low to moderate consumption of fructose - glucose -, and sucrose - containing beverages over a period of only 3 wk on LDL size and other parameters of lipid and glucose metabolism as well as on inflammatory response in healthy young men.

The present findings are in agreement with previous reports of improvements in muscle strength with exercise and whey protein supplementation (20 g / d) in frail elderly people after ∼ 12 wk of supplementation, as in this study (6) and in an acute situation (66, 67).

Food intake was based on a balanced diet (with standard caloric and macro - and micronutrient content) provided by the hospital kitchen, which consisted of a repeating 4 - wk rotating menu, so the diet remained similar throughout the study.

However, a 12 - wk randomized crossover study in type 2 diabetic patients whose diet was supplemented with wheat bran failed to find any effect in a wide variety of lipid, blood pressure, glucose tolerance, or inflammatory factors (31).

Further support for the benefit of plant - based diets comes from a large, randomized feeding study of blood pressure reduction, the 8 - wk DASH study in 459 people (46).

Several outpatient diet studies have shown reductions in CVD risk factors after an 8 — 12 - wk LCKD, during weight loss, and during weight maintenance (21, 60 — 62).

A previous study found that this rise in nitrogen excretion after carbohydrate withdrawal is short - lived, however, as both nitrogen balance and LBM retention were observed after a 1 — 2 - wk adaptation to a 0 % cholesterol, 15 % protein, and 85 % fat diet (20).

No studies have carefully examined the process or duration of keto - adaptation, but clinical observation suggests that it probably takes from 2 to 4 wk for keto - adaptation to occur.

In a study of persons with type 2 diabetes, urinary ketone body excretion increased from a mean of 0.10 mmol / d at the end of the usual diet to a peak of 2.75 mmol / d after 1 wk of the LCKD (P < 0.001); it then decreased gradually for a week but remained above baseline (13).

Two longer - term studies, in persons without diabetes, that measured fasting blood β - hydroxybutyrate concentrations over 10 wk found that, whereas the concentrations increased over the first 2 — 4 wk, they then decreased and, after 10 — 12 wk, remained only slightly higher than those of dieters following other diets (21, 23).

In the present study, we show substantial increases in whole - body lean mass after 12 wk of resistance - type exercise training (Table 2).

In the present study, we investigated the impact of daily protein supplementation, provided before sleep, on muscle mass and strength gains during 12 wk of resistance - type exercise training.

Our recent work complemented these studies by examining the effects of extended morning fasting for 6 wk on all components of energy balance and health in lean individuals (15).

Exclusion criteria were: current or chronic medical / psychiatric conditions; pregnancy; shift work or dwelling below Denver altitude (1,600 m) the year prior; travel across more than one time zone 3 wk before CTRC study; maximal lifetime BMI > 27.5 kg / m2; recent self - reported weight loss; and abnormal eating patterns identified by dietitian interview and three - item eating questionnaire (43).

Small studies of obese and nonobese individuals found that weight was lower by 2.5 — 8 % after 3 — 8 wk of ADF (25, 27 — 29).

Overall mood — including components from tension, anger, and confusion — was improved by fasting in a study of 32 subjects during 12 wk of the intervention phase.

To examine variation in fecal variables, especially butyrate, among individuals and the response to these fibers, a randomized cross-over study was conducted that compared the effects of foods supplying 25 g of NSP or 25 g of NSP plus 22 g of RS / d over 4 wk in 46 healthy adults (16 males, 30 females; age 31 — 66 y).

In the initial study, mice provided with an HF diet were fed exclusively during the dark phase (i.e., the «right» time of day for nocturnal mice) or the light phase for 6 wk (30).

In another recent study using a nonrandomized design in which participants served as their own controls (81), individuals were followed for a period of 4 wk on their usual diet, followed by 12 wk of chickpea supplementation (mean 104 g / d, which is just over 0.5 c / d), then another 4 wk on their usual diet.

Even fewer studies have measured satiety responses to pulse consumption in studies lasting longer than 1 d. McCrory et al. (80) recently completed a randomized intervention comparing 3 doses of pulse consumption on weight loss and adherence to 30 % reduction in baseline energy intake over 6 wk.

Other studies (21, 40) reported two 6 - wk protocols that utilized a weekly measurement of prelunch hunger on a Likert scale.

Food intake, circulating total calcium and inorganic phosphorus concentrations and calcium metabolism, with 45Ca kinetics, were studied at 8, 14, 20 and 26 wk of age.

Except for the difference in food intake in two groups at 14 wk (i.e., 0.55 % calcium - 0.9 % phosphorus higher and 3.3 % calcium - 0.9 % phosphorus lower, respectively, than the controls) no differences were noticed during the rest of the study.

The puppies were recruited into the study either at birth (Newfoundlands, Labrador Retrievers, English Springer Spaniels, Cocker Spaniels, Miniature Schnauzers, and Cairn Terriers) or at 8 — 11 wk of age (other breeds) and were studied until they were ∼ 12 mo old (toy to medium - sized breeds) or 18 mo old (large and giant breeds).

Little information is published on breed - specific variations in puppy growth patterns, and most studies provide only limited data on single breeds, for example, 8 — 34 - mo - old and 6 — 20 - wk - old Labrador Retrievers (7,9) and 0 — 12 - wk - old German Shepherds (8).

Semi-retired in 2009 and i've dedicated +40 hr / wk to study and writting about AGW for +3 yrs....

(Marc Galanter, «The Vanishing Trial: An Examination of Trials and Related Matters in Federal and State Courts» (2004) 1:3 J Empirical Legal Studies 459; WK Winkler, «The Vanishing Trial» (2008) 27 Advocates» Soc J 2.)