4.1 To what extent forestry will contribute to future energy production will depend on a series of factors: the ability of wood - based energy to meet the recent energy policy objectives, the socioeconomic and environmental costs and benefits of
wood energy production, and the policies and institutions that determine forestry practices.
Mabee and Saddler (2007) reviewed a number of regional and global outlook studies on forest fibre availability to determine the renewable global supply of forest biomass for
wood energy production.
Application of the International Tropical Timber Organization guidelines for managing secondary forests can promote the sustainable development of these forests for
wood energy production (ITTO, 2002).
Not exact matches
Promising solutions include extending and connecting protected natural areas, deceleration of population growth, decreasing the consumption of meat and
energy, cleaner and more efficient
production of
energy and
wood, combating waste and raising awareness of consumers.
The «Allowable» scenario shows the potential of
energy wood assuming full utilization of the annual allowable cut, based on current logging technology and increasing sawn timber
production.
«Forests in the United States are robust and sustainably managed, and climate science has consistently and clearly documented the carbon benefits of utilizing forest biomass for
energy production,» Senator Susan Collins (R — ME), said on the Senate floor on 3 February, a day after lawmakers approved her amendment adding the
wood - burning provision to the
energy bill.
«
Energy production from used
wood in these cantons could have been markedly increased in 2014, the year covered by the survey,» says project team member Matthias Erni.
Use of
wood - based material will lower
energy consumption at the
production stage, as well as reducing the products» carbon footprint.
Burning
wood instead of coal therefore creates a carbon debt — an immediate increase in atmospheric CO2 compared to fossil
energy — that can be repaid over time only as — and if — NPP [net primary
production] rises above the flux of carbon from biomass and soils to the atmosphere on the harvested lands.»
Indeed, bioenergy from
wood made up 44 % of the EU's renewable
energy production in 2015.
Brazil is one of the few countries where the large - scale
production of
energy from
wood has been explored for decades.
These include making renewable
energy carriers available on - site by using more electricity and district heating instead of fossil fuels for processes, using more environmentally - friendly materials for lower emissions in
production (e.g. recycled steel, and solid
wood), better thinking around transport of surplus masses (soil / rock / gravel), and improved waste management and recycling.
Sources of
wood for
energy production may be derived from a range of existing
production systems.
The development of economically competitive technology for the
production of liquid cellulosic biofuels will cause a major shift in the importance of
wood energy.
Under these circumstances, the availability of
wood for bioenergy
production is likely to be less controlled by
energy markets than by trends in roundwood
production, extent of forest resources and demands that compete for
wood residues.
When residue recovery and postconsumer waste are factored in, however,
wood use for
energy exceeds industrial roundwood
production in several industrialized countries.
In practice however, the
wood that is reported as being available for industrial
energy production often can not be harvested economically.
Widely differing systems of
production and use of
wood energy exist throughout the world, and there are likely to be a range of responses to the recent shifts in
energy policy in various countries.
Because of widespread illegal logging,
production may be under - declared and therefore the extent of
wood residues available for
energy use may be underestimated.
Ridley contrasted Haiti's and the Dominican Republic's respective landscapes and suggests that Haiti has «pinched nature's lunch to provide [its]
energy,» through its dependence on
wood for charcoal
production, leading to «ecological devastation» due to reliance on renewable
energy.
About two - thirds of the 2 quads of
wood energy is in the 15 main timber - producing states in the Southeast and Northwest, and growth will track lumber and paper
production.
• Ethanol
production using
wood biomass required 57 % more fossil
energy than the ethanol fuel produced.
The U.S.
Energy Information Administration includes the following in U.S. primary energy production: coal production, waste coal supplied, and coal refuse recovery; crude oil and lease condensate production; natural gas plant liquids production; dry natural gas excluding supplemental gaseous fuels production; nuclear electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the nuclear plant heat rates); conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil - fuels plant heat rates); geothermal electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil - fuels plant heat rates), and geothermal heat pump energy and geothermal direct use energy; solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil - fuels plant heat rates), and solar thermal direct use energy; wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil - fuels plant heat rates); wood and wood - derived fuels consumption; biomass waste consumption; and biofuels feed
Energy Information Administration includes the following in U.S. primary
energy production: coal production, waste coal supplied, and coal refuse recovery; crude oil and lease condensate production; natural gas plant liquids production; dry natural gas excluding supplemental gaseous fuels production; nuclear electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the nuclear plant heat rates); conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil - fuels plant heat rates); geothermal electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil - fuels plant heat rates), and geothermal heat pump energy and geothermal direct use energy; solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil - fuels plant heat rates), and solar thermal direct use energy; wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil - fuels plant heat rates); wood and wood - derived fuels consumption; biomass waste consumption; and biofuels feed
energy production: coal
production, waste coal supplied, and coal refuse recovery; crude oil and lease condensate
production; natural gas plant liquids
production; dry natural gas excluding supplemental gaseous fuels
production; nuclear electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the nuclear plant heat rates); conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil - fuels plant heat rates); geothermal electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil - fuels plant heat rates), and geothermal heat pump
energy and geothermal direct use energy; solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil - fuels plant heat rates), and solar thermal direct use energy; wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil - fuels plant heat rates); wood and wood - derived fuels consumption; biomass waste consumption; and biofuels feed
energy and geothermal direct use
energy; solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil - fuels plant heat rates), and solar thermal direct use energy; wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil - fuels plant heat rates); wood and wood - derived fuels consumption; biomass waste consumption; and biofuels feed
energy; solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil - fuels plant heat rates), and solar thermal direct use
energy; wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil - fuels plant heat rates); wood and wood - derived fuels consumption; biomass waste consumption; and biofuels feed
energy; wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil - fuels plant heat rates);
wood and
wood - derived fuels consumption; biomass waste consumption; and biofuels feedstock.
Then there's the added
energy cost of
production, packaging, and transporting to stores and homes and away to landfill, where disposable plates and cups — which can be made of plastic, Styrofoam, virgin
wood fibers, plastic - coated paper, post-consumer recycled fibers, or agricultural waste products such as bagasse, and are usually non-recyclable because they are contaminated with food residue — will sit for hundreds of years, slowly decomposing and releasing methane gas.