Phonics and
Word Recognition Instruction in Early Reading Programs: Guidelines for Accessibility.
While a coaching preference did not emerge as a general difference among teachers across school effectiveness ratings, we did find that the practice of coaching during reading to provide
word recognition instruction was found to be a characteristic of teachers in the most effective schools and the most accomplished teachers in general.
Perhaps coaching for
word recognition instruction during children's reading of text is a place for teachers to begin to develop the ability to coach.
We were especially interested in the form of
word recognition instruction and how different types of instruction appeared to affect students with different early literacy foundations.
Not exact matches
There was 100 % agreement on coding of coaching for
word recognition during reading, 94 % agreement on providing explicit phonics
instruction, 94 % agreement on practicing sight
words, 96 % agreement on asking text - based questions, 96 % agreement on asking higher level questions, and 100 % agreement on writing in response to reading.
Word recognition work and reading practice were much more the focus of reading
instruction in grades 1 - 2 across all schools in this study than was comprehension.
In addition to the question of the use and impact of more generic teaching styles, we were able to apply nonparametric analyses to two additional reading - specific teaching domains —
word recognition and comprehension
instruction.
The
word recognition approaches included (a) coaching children in the use of strategies to figure out unknown
words as they were reading text, (b) focusing on
words in stories to review phonic elements, (c) providing explicit phonics
instruction, and (d) practicing sight
words.
Activities included: whole - group, small - group, or independent grouping pattern on the following activities: reading
instruction (including teacher directed reading,
word recognition, comprehension, vocabulary
instruction, or literature circle); independent reading; writing in response to reading; reading aloud to students; written composition; spelling; and other academic activities
However, systematic phonic
instruction in isolation only, along with sheer opportunity to practice through reading connected text, may not be the optimal path toward a rich repertoire of
word recognition strategies.
Such research would, in a single effort, examine school level factors (e.g., building climate, home - school relations, schoolwide organization for reading, collaborative efforts) while examining classroom / teacher factors (e.g., time spent in reading
instruction, time on task, student engagement, approaches to
word recognition and comprehension
instruction, teachers» interactive styles).
Instruction needs to be explicit and systematic in nature so that students follow a progression that leads to automatic
word recognition.
There is also convincing evidence to show that children can improve their
word recognition skills significantly through
instruction and interventions designed to support the development of phonological awareness and letter knowledge (Elbro & Peterson, 2004).
Information is provided about the content of effective
word -
recognition instruction.
Analyses revealed that the following observations changed by at least 10 % from Year 2 to Year 1: increase in whole - group
instruction, decrease in small - group
instruction, increase in coaching in
word recognition strategies during reading, decrease in asking of lower - level questions, increase in asking of higher - level questions, increase in comprehension skill
instruction, decrease in active pupil responding, increase in passive pupil responding.
High Frequency
word recognition is a goal for all of our primary students, and having the
instruction and review built into this wonderful program is so awesome!
At the end of the observation, the observer wrote a summary addressing seven key features of the classroom ecology: (a) the general instructional approach used in the classroom, instructional sequences observed, approaches to
word recognition, vocabulary, and comprehension
instruction; (b) curriculum materials used; (c) teacher's style of interacting with the children; (d) teacher's grouping practices, and activities of children not with the teacher; (e) student engagement; (f) classroom management; and (g) classroom climate.
The WonderWorks Foundational Skills Kit offers explicit
instruction, practice, and assessment of phonological awareness, phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, and
word recognition to remediate identified gaps in skills.
They also have multiple components that focus on such areas of
instruction as phonological skills, phonics and
word analysis, spelling,
word recognition and oral reading fluency, grammar and syntax, text comprehension, writing, and study skills.