The Effect of Leadership Task Behavior and Relational Behavior on Job Performance: Investigating the Moderating Role of
Work Alienation
On the basis of reviewing the existing literature, a theoretical framework of leadership task behavior and relational behavior,
work alienation and job performance had been proposed in this study by using leadership behavior theory.
H5 Employee's
work alienation will be negatively related to job performance, it contains 9 secondary hypotheses:
H3 Leadership task behavior will be positively related to
work alienation, it contains 3 secondary hypotheses:
The results revealed that part of the demographic variables had effects on
work alienation and job performance.
By this way, we added other dimensions of
work alienation into the regression equations of task behavior and relational behavior with other dimensions of job performance.
However, employees with
work alienation generally lack the sense of control of their work and the results of environment interaction [23], resulting in disincline for any positive response to the environment.
Analysis results are as follows: the standardized loading factor of items of leadership tasks behavior were between 0.50 and 0.87; the standardized loading factor of items of leadership relational behavior were between 0.50 and 0.64, the standardized loading factor of items of job performance were between 0.527 and 0.890; the standardized loading factor of items of
work alienation were between 0.641 and 0.857.
Not exact matches
While «Catcher» is perhaps the defining literary treatment of conformity and
alienation in post-war American society, Salinger had actually been
working on the novel during the war.
The fact that other managers and PMs has complained that he didn't follow company rules and did things his own way demonstrates a pattern of
alienation within the
work place.
Percy praised Didion's
work and devoted his own to similar themes:
alienation, dread, detachment.
Yet estrangement and
alienation are never the final outcome of Chesterton's and Tolkien's
work.
Governance by political posturings relieves many a fart - wad from
alienations of systemic protrusions being petrified by the blood -
works of shenanigans» ill - affordabilities.
I think if we
work from the first idea, which most do,
alienation is inevitable.
o) In the Western societies too there is an
alienation in consumerism, in
work that neglects human values, in various forms of exploitation of humans, manipulated by the means of mass communication.
Researchers David and Amber Lapp have written convincingly of the need to address the
alienation felt by
working - class American families: «There's no substitute for the service of being a good neighbor.»
It is imperative to see that many
working - class young adults are on the brink of
alienation from
work and marriage.
Salvation
works in the struggle for economic justice against the exploitation of people by people; in the struggle for human dignity against the political oppression of human beings; in the struggle for solidarity against the
alienation of person from person; and in the struggle of hope against despair in personal life.
His own
work exhibits a fascination with themes assumed to be very modern —
alienation, hysteria, loneliness, sexuality.
Those who are aware of this fact and consciously
work to overcome the resultant
alienation are practicing the art of their profession.
Is the
alienation between
work and the worker, now felt so broadly in the workplace, something a technological society must simply accept with resignation?
As I Lay Dying follows many elements of previous
works: Crane's naturalism, Hawthorne's morality, and Eliot's early
alienation.
For others among us the community to build is in the places where we
work or go to school, for these have become the major arenas of
alienation for many Americans.
Though Marx and Engels later avoided the philosophical language of their early years, and in the Manifesto of the Communist Party laughed at the German literati who «beneath the French criticism of the economic functions of money... wrote «
Alienation of Humanity,» 6 they always recognized that «The German
Working class movement is the heir of German classical philosophy.
In the young Marx there was a double vision of the nature of
alienation,... Marxist thought developed along one narrow road of economic conceptions of property and exploitation, while the other road, which might have led to new, humanistic concepts of
work and labor, was left unexplored.2
By contrast, he says, Jesus created community for its transforming power, «calling people out of their loneliness, isolation and
alienation and into communion — both in the literal sense of the community of the table and in the extended sense of communion, fellowship, friendship, mutual support and the challenge to
work together.
Yet its
alienation from other radical movements, especially black liberation, and its recourse to a kind of «separatist» ideology — that talks about the oppression of women as more basic than any other form of oppression in a way that makes women a separate cause unrelated to other kinds of oppression — may be
working its own kind of subtle social encapsulation.
And we need to take seriously the absence of belonging and
alienation felt by
working class people by providing more opportunities for meaningful political participation.
His particular way of
working and dedication to the modern scientific method did not always go down well with all the centre's employees, and his political independence resulted in a state of disharmony,
alienation and rivalry with political actors, which prompted him to submit his resignation in 1977.
If there is no advantage in honest labour today, the roots of the loss of incentives for productive labour should be sought in the
alienation of
working people from the means of production and the imperfection of the forms for every citizen to exercise their right to common ownership.
Douglas Alexander, the shadow foreign secretary and Labour's election co-ordinator, said the party recognises it has
work to do to «tackle the
alienation that lies at the root of the anger that so many voters feel».
The unpopularity of the plans, plus the
alienation of David Cameron's core support on this issue, are revealed ahead of tomorrow's (Wednesday, 9 May) Queen's Speech, which is expected to announce measures to make public sector workers
work longer.
The Guardian's leader column concluded: «Having lost so much middle - class support over Iraq and
alienation from Tony Blair, Labour now has to mobilise its core
working - class base in order to win re-election next year.»
Mr Alexander conceded: «We have
work to do... we need to tackle the
alienation that lies at the root of the anger that so many voters feel.»
The inchoate expression of
alienation against the political class that led to so many voting Leave, against what objectively are their own best interests, did not grip
working class communities in just the last 9 months of Corbyn's stewardship of the party.
They are exploiting
alienation from Westminster politics, particularly among the white
working class.
As it comes together, the sequences of emptiness and a character that wonders from place to place, start to
work together to tell a very deep story of depression, loneliness, suicide, conscience, adulthood,
alienation, desire, limitations, fear, paranoia and at the heart of it all, the disgust and regret of becoming a father, that take severe psychological and physical effects on the main character.
The otherwise naturalistic dialogue and bleak settings are invested with a touch of poetry through the integration of some simple but effective metaphors — Iris»
alienation is figured by a scene where she finds herself literally disconnected by the telephone services, while her disorientation is visualised by her wandering dreamily through the storage corridors of a Lost Property Office where she has begun
working, just another neglected object waiting to be found and loved again.
Rendering characters they developed in tandem with their Spanish writer - director, these non-professional but astoundingly gifted performers convey so much of what matters in so many
working - class black lives: the solidarity but also the standoff between parent and child; the series of low - ceiling jobs; the
alienation from what few social services still exist; the yearning but also the wariness awakened by new romantic prospects; and the suddenness with which poor choices, ambient prejudice, or adolescent disaffection lead to intractable enmeshments in the penal apparatus.
(4) Tam's interest in themes of dislocation and
alienation can be identified in the
work of his protégé Wong Kar - wai.
His
work often explores themes of
alienation and isolation, featuring characters whose interactions are mediated through technology, bureaucracy or other power structures.
The aforementioned church scene is an example of where this native silence
works quite well, racking focus clearly on the sweet, heart - rending vocals, but for a movie ostensibly about
alienation and disconnect, there are many scenes — Johnny sitting in the kitchen when the rest of the family rushes out to meet George and Madeleine, for instance, or a late - act scene between Ashley and George at the hospital — where the audio is just flat.
These included Brian De Palma, who plumbed the nature of modern war as a compilation of artefacts in Redacted (2006), and Olivier Assayas, who explored globalised, internet - connected society and its abyssal zones of
alienation and distancing very effectively in
works like Demonlover (2002), Clean (2004), and Boarding Gate (2007).
Wells» interest in the
alienation of the modern American employee - that quasi-Marxist disconnect between the worker and the
work - drives much of the narrative, propping up blue - collar Jack and white - collar Bobby in an undisguised labor parable.
Despite spot - on observations about modern
alienation, the turn from satire to rom - com doesn't quite
work in Andrew Bujalski's latest
articles about the riots to prepare
work for exploring the riots and issues / emotions including grief,
alienation, fear and anger opportunity to learn about, think, discuss and reflect in a supportive environment - but one which is able to explore and clarify right and wrong - to challenge and inform.
She examines the education,
alienation, and empowerment of
working class students of color, with a focus on Latina / o immigrant students.
Add to this a more than receptive media, ever willing to make a clarion call for sweeping America's schools clean of ineffective teachers, and you have a recipe for increased
alienation among America's hard -
working teachers.
He has a heightened sense of
alienation and
works alone, and he never gets the girl in the end (being more likely to arrest her or get her killed).
Individually and as a group, the
works on show rebel and question, but in a playful, engaging and democratic way, thus avoiding any sense of
alienation or detachment that could easily follow from a show that is confrontational and intelligent.