This source of the questions does not lessen the value of their work as philosophy, but it does mean that their philosophical work was a part of
their work as theologians.
Rather,
he works as a theologian in subordination to a church pledged to witness to the nonviolent politics of the gospel.
The implications of this conclusion are many and far - reaching, for my own
work as a theologian as well as for what I understand by the related, but nonetheless distinct, tasks of philosophy and metaphysics.
Not exact matches
At the same time, we recognize that, during the past five hundred years, the Holy Spirit, the Supreme Magisterium of God, has been faithfully at
work among
theologians and exegetes in both Catholic and Evangelical communities, bringing to light and enriching our understanding of important biblical truths in such matters
as individual spiritual growth and development, the mission of Christ's Church, Christian worldview thinking, and moral and social issues in today's world.
And in a vibrant Church, the
work of
theologians serves
as a gift and service to both the hierarchy and the faithful.
First, feminist
theologians are drawing on women's everyday lives and especially the dynamics of God's grace
working in and through them
as sources for theological reflection.
The liberation
theologian does not first
work out questions of the nature of God and Christ and the church in one context, such
as that of the academic community, and then apply these answers to the social situation.
Third, many women
theologians are using insights and practices from feminist theology in order to address broader social and ethical questions confronting the church, such
as globalization, care of the earth, and the shifting patterns of
work and family.
Naturally,
theologians like Shaull do not consider whether what they call the «humanizing»
work of God is the same thing
as what revolutions aim at.
Tillich, who died in 1965, possessed a rhetorical genius in addressing Schleiermacher's «cultured despisers of religion,» but,
as a serious
theologian, his
work has not worn well.
If sociologists have tended to center on the foregoing argument and to single out
work as the basis of their assessment of our present inability to play authentically,
theologians and philosophers have tended to: focus upon a second area: America's distorted value structure that has accepted
as true the «mindscape» of technology 48 This is Theodore Roszak's phrase, and his discussion can perhaps serve
as a helpful starting point.
I am a
theologian who recognizes the influence of Wesley in my own
work and who sees the potential of Wesley to help the United Methodist Church and perhaps other Wesleyan denominations
as well.
For instance, Dr Gary Habermas, an evangelical US
theologian who is known for his academic
work on the biblical evidence for the resurrection also regularly gives presentations on the shroud
as supplementary evidence.
The process thinkers of our time who have turned their attention to the religious question — the process
theologians,
as they are usually called — are sure, however, that there is another and sounder conception of God, one which makes love the clue to the divine nature and manner of
working in the world and one which is also in accordance with what we know to be going on in that world.
This can be said of
theologians such
as William Hamilton, Harvey Cox, Paul van Buren, the «Mainz radical» Herbert Braun, the late Paul Tillich, and many of those who follow and comment on the
works of Friedrich Gogarten and Dietrich Bonhoeffer.
Of course, there are interesting differences between these
theologians, just
as there were between Bonaventura and Calvin; and in some writers now,
as of old, the logical implications are more adequately and rigorously
worked out than in others.
This is a problem which has driven scholastic theology to the wall, and it is not insignificant that Catholic
theologians have been hostile toward the idea of evolution, just
as it is not accidental that when a Catholic vision of evolution did appear in the
work of Teilhard de Chardin, it contained no idea or vision of analogia entis.
Clearly, this account of the method by which the
theologian works has substantive presuppositions
as to the content of theology.
The
theologian works with these dogma that are taken
as inspired interpretations of the inspired Scripture.
Today the greatest restriction on
theologians is there desire to do
work that is recognized
as appropriate by the standards of the university.
In this
work we were guided by two senior
theologians, Dr. J. I. Packer, an irenic champion of unitive evangelicalism, and Cardinal Avery Dulles, S.J., the first U.S. - born
theologian to be made a Catholic cardinal without having served
as a bishop.
In the second half of the second century, bishops and
theologians all over the Christian world, from Gaul in the west to Edessa in the east,
worked energetically to expose him
as a false teacher and discredit the simple idea now attached to his name.
Avery Dulles departed this world for a better place several years ago, but his
work as one of our leading ecumenical
theologians continues to bear good fruit.
In more recent years under the stimulus of Whitehead's thought and the constructive
work of Charles Hartshorne, certain
theologians have been developing «process theology»
as a systematic theological outlook.
S. Paul Schilling, the
theologian who introduced many of us in the English - speaking world to the
work of the German philosopher Ernst Bloch, reminds us in a sensitive meditation that Bloch speaks of «humanity
as on its way toward its homeland.»
As with most of the Protestant
theologians who came before him, «revelation» was a central category of his theology, but unlike them, he did not share in the rejection of a rational metaphysics that so shaped (and skewed) their
work.
Jenson and Gassmann skillfully reveal an ecumenical mandate in their
work as Lutheran
theologians, and their beginning and ending essays provide a frame for the more specific projects of the essays in between.
Richard Burridge has set an agenda that will provide decades of
work for biblical scholars, historians, and practical
theologians, and for
theologians who recognize their primary vocation
as a service to the Church.
The general position of these writers, whose contributions vary considerably in approach and quality, is that Jesus made no claim of divinity for himself and that the doctrine of the incarnation was developed during the early centuries of the Christian era
as an attempt to express the uniqueness of Jesus in the mythological language and thought forms of the Greek culture of the time.While recognizing the validity of the patristic
theologians»
work, which culminated in the classical christological definitions of Nicea and Chalcedon, the British
theologians question whether these definitions are intelligible in the 20th century, and go on to suggest that some concept other than incarnation might better express the divine significance of Jesus today.
Cobb holds that Wesley was a process
theologian in the sense that Wesley sees God
as working with each human being through the course of our lives — a process.
There are four affirmations about Jesus Christ that historically have been stressed in Christian faith: (1) Jesus is truly human, bone of our bone and flesh of our flesh, living a human life under the same human conditions any one of us faces — thus Christology, statement of the significance of Jesus, must start «from below,»
as many contemporary
theologians are insisting; (2) Jesus is that one in whom God energizes in a supreme degree, with a decisive intensity; in traditional language he has been styled «the Incarnate Word of God»; (3) for our sake, to secure human wholeness of life
as it moves onward toward fulfillment, Jesus not only lived among us but also was crucified for us — this is the point of talk about atonement
wrought in and by him; (4) death was not the end for him, so it is not
as if he never existed at all; in some way he triumphed over death, or was given victory over it, so that now and forever he is a reality in the life of God and effective among humankind.
As Protestant ministers were groping about for a solution that would embrace both a personal and social reality, a brilliant Lutheran theologian, J. H. W. Stuckenberg, worked out a solution in terms of the New Testament teachings of Jesus as related to all of lif
As Protestant ministers were groping about for a solution that would embrace both a personal and social reality, a brilliant Lutheran
theologian, J. H. W. Stuckenberg,
worked out a solution in terms of the New Testament teachings of Jesus
as related to all of lif
as related to all of life.
Political ethics
as a central theological discipline now has a new intellectual identity and dignity, and many of today's young «political
theologians» owe their ancestry to his creative
work.
It would be easy in adopting McDermott's format — a highly organized structure that is repeated in every chapter — to view the
theologians as titans whose
work was independent of the others and whose thought is isolated from the broader stream of church history.
So long
as he operates
as theologian at all, whether his
work is dogmatic or eristic, it all depends upon and serves God's revelation of himself in Jesus Christ.
The
theologian can not
as a
theologian enter upon detailed discussions of the interpretation of the modern scientific world view and its relevance for theological assertions, but he can and should show the need for such discussions and their significance for his own
work.
Niebuhr claimed that he was not a
theologian; and he was not, in the sense of having
worked out an elaborate system such
as that of the German
theologian Karl Barth or the émigré to America Paul Tillich.
In his significant
work Christianity in World History, a prominent
theologian Arend Theodor van Leeuwen has argued that the idea of separating out the things of God from the things of people in such a way
as to deny the divine nature of kingship was first formulated in ancient Israel and then became a major motif of Christianity.
A white male process
theologian, for example,
working (
as most do) within the institutional structure of a North American college or university, simply can not become a feminist
theologian or do black theology.
Unlike other
theologians and philosophers, those who
work in the area of religion and science regard «postmodern» studies
as worthwhile only
as a sign of modernity's maturing critical spilt, not
as an alternative to modernity.
Process
theologians such
as John Cobb see this creative transformation
as the very
work of Christ.
To be mentioned also are the
work of
theologians such
as Karl Rahuer in his Theological Investigations, and specialized historical studies, often by Catholics like Hubert Jedin, Otto Herman Pesch and Vinzeng Pfnür, on the Reformation period and the Council of Trent.
The platform planks for «32 embodied a number of Century concerns: U.S. adherence to the World Court protocol; U.S. entry into the League of Nations, provided that its covenant be amended to eliminate military sanctions; U.S. recognition of the Soviet Union (which was granted a year later); the safeguarding of the rights of conscientious objectors (including those denied citizenship, such
as Canadian - born
theologian D. C. Macintosh of Yale Divinity School); the abolition of compulsory military training in state - supported educational institutions other than military and naval academies; emergency measures for relief and public -
works employment; the securing of constitutional rights for minorities; the reduction of gross inequality of income by steeply progressive rates of taxation on large incomes; «progressive socialization of the ownership and control of natural resources, public utilities and basic industries»; «the nationalization of our entire banking system»; and so on (June 8, 1932).
If the views of these
theologians are correct, then the good accomplished in redemption lies in a different dimension from the goad realized by human effort, and we can not sustain the thesis that the
work of redemption involves
as an integral aspect a process in this world, and the actualization of love in this life.
We need not recall here the history of what led up to the declaration of Humani Generis (which is doctrinal in character, even if it does not constitute a dogmatic definition), starting with the pronouncement of the local synod at Cologne in 1860 rejecting evolution in any form, the censure passed on the
works of
theologians favourable to evolution, such
as M. D. Leroy (1895) and P. Zahm (1899), the decree of the Biblical Commission in 1909, the tacit toleration of
works favourable to evolution by
theologians such
as Ruschkamp (1935), Messenger (1931), Perier (1938), down to Pius XII's Allocution to the Papal Academy of Sciences in 1941.
And to speak in that fashion would be to say, with Dr. Paul Knitter of Xavier University in Cincinnati (one of the brilliant young Roman Catholic process
theologians of our time), that we need to «recognize the possibility that other «saviours» have carried out... for other people» the redemptive
work which
as Christians we know in Jesus Christ.
The chapter headings give us an overview of the
work: Ignorance of Scripture is ignorance of Christ: the theological project of Joseph Ratzinger; The critique of criticism: beginning the search for a new theological synthesis; The hermeneutic of faith: critical and historical foundations for a biblical theology; The spiritual science of theology: its mission and method in the life of the church; Reading God's testament to humankind: biblical realism, typology, and the inner unity of revelation; The theology of the divine economy: covenant, kingdom, and the history of salvation; The embrace of salvation: mystagogy and the transformation ofsacrifice; The cosmic liturgy: the Eucharistic kingdom and the world
as temple; The authority of mystery: the beauty and necessity of the
theologian's task.
In addition, I have the
work of literally thousands of
theologians that have
work since the time of Christ to explain the Bible,
as well
as the
work of archeologists, both Christian and nonChristian, that continue to find evidence to back up the Bible.
The
works of the learned modern
theologians since Schleiermacher contain ever changing presentations of the Christian religion which are dominated by the desire to do justice to historical and contemporaneous Christian experience
as well
as to all phases of modem knowledge.
Bultmann depends upon the metaphysical - phenomenological realism of M. Heidegger, known
as Existentialphilosophie, Gogarten upon the historical realism of E. Grisebach, the author of the critical
work entitled Gegenwart, and Brunner, partly under the inspiration of Gogarten, seems to give room to the ethical realism of the famous Jewish philosopher -
theologian Martin Buber, author of a philosophical essay entitled I and Thou.