Sentences with phrase «x chromosomes»

While great - ape X chromosomes are highly conserved, their Y chromosomes, reflecting the general lability and degeneration of this male - specific part of the genome since its early mammalian origin, have evolved rapidly both between and within species.

The detailed sequences Page's team developed were necessary, however, to compare genes on the Y chromosome with those on the X chromosomes to find pairs of genes on both.

Using an enzyme that targets some 200 sites on the X chromosomes in mosquito eggs, the team has managed to shred X chromosomes so thoroughly «that it's too much for the cell to repair,» Burt said.

Females have two X chromosomes, and males have one X and one Y chromosome.

While males have one X and one Y chromosome, females have two X chromosomes — one inherited from the father and one from the mother.

Here we show that DNA methylation is globally reduced in XX ES cell lines and that this is attributable to the presence of two active X chromosomes.

Accelerated weight gain on HFD, incident hepatic steatosis, and hyperinsulinemia of XX animals mainly depended on the amount the X chromosomes.

The X chromosomes that will be eliminated line up on the metaphase plate and start to separate — in that their centromeres disjoin and start to be pulled to one pole or the other — but the arms of the Xs fail to separate.

The number of X chromosomes within cells contributes to sex differences in adiposity (190).

Restricting dosage compensation complex binding to the X chromosomes by H2A.

In female mammals, one of the two X chromosomes is transcriptionally silenced during early development to compensate for the double «dose» of X-linked gene products in females -LSB-...]

The effect of assortative mating is smaller on the X chromosomes than the autosomes because inheritance of the X in males depends only on the mother's ancestry, not on the mating pair.

An article by MIT Technology Review describes project «Boys Only,» in which Alison Van Eenennaam of the University of California aims to create a bull that will father only male offspring: either normal bull calves or ones with two X chromosomes but also the male - making SRY.

But it was a surprise when researchers at Stanford University, found a few cells with Y sex chromosomes in a pregnant woman's blood in 1979; those cells had to have come from her son, since women have only X chromosomes.

Because X chromosomes are more likely to be inherited from mothers (sons get only a Y from their fathers), that suggests that much of the Melanesian DNA came through the male line, as Melanesian men interbred with Polynesian women.

Furthermore, the team determined that Papuans have more Denisovan DNA on their autosomes, inherited equally often from both parents, than on their X chromosomes, inherited twice as often from the mother.

This curious pattern suggests several possible scenarios, including that male Denisovans interbred with female modern humans, or that these unions were genetically incompatible, with natural selection weeding out some of the X chromosomes, Reich says.

The mice are male but have two X chromosomes.

They then studied the state of X chromosomes in naïve cells of female embryos», which each contain two active X chromosomes, unlike more mature embryonic cells that have silenced one X.

One new technique, for instance, led to cells that had two active X chromosomes but didn't match the exact methylation patterns desired.

Mammalian females possess two X chromosomes, males only one.

Since females possess two X chromosomes and males have an X and a Y, if a mother's blood sample showed DNA from a Y chromosome she was carrying a boy.

Women are affected only if both their X chromosomes carry the defective genes.

This ensures that half the sperm each have five X chromosomes; the other half have five Y chromosomes, Grützner and his colleagues report online 25 October in Nature.

Women, for example, have two X chromosomes, and men have one X and one Y.

The team found another oddity in the platypus genome: The sequences of the various X chromosomes differed in length and makeup.

Although we think of females being XX (that is, having two X chromosomes) and males as being XY, it's the other way around in these giant monitor lizards.

So the female iPS cells now have two active X chromosomes, while males have only one.

We now know that this explains the different behaviour of male and female cells after reprogramming because, over time, female cells lose one of the two X chromosomes and start behaving more or less like male iPS cells.»

Both had Turner's syndrome, which occurs when one of a girl's two X chromosomes is missing.

The researchers discovered that female and male cells behave differently after the reprogramming process and that this is due to their different number of X chromosomes — two in female cells and one in male cells.

The best example of this occurs in what's called gene imprinting, where for example, females have two X chromosomes and one of those two X chromosomes must be inactivated in a cell in order for the cell's normal function.

Specifically, a gene called Overdrive acts as a «selfish element» and skews sperm production so that hybrid males mainly make sperm carrying X chromosomes.

However, to render such a comparison valid, the lab had to upgrade the human X reference sequence, which was originally assembled as a mosaic of sequences from the X chromosomes of at least 16 people.

Activated, wild type B cells from female mice tightly localize Xist RNA at their inactive X chromosomes (left), whereas Xist RNA becomes dispersed throughout the entire nucleus when YY1 is deleted (right).

One of the most dramatic examples of methylation is the shutdown of one of the two X chromosomes (one from each parent) in every woman's cells, a process called X-inactivation (New Scientist, 10 May 2003, p 42).

To understand his hypothesis, consider that during the formation of a woman's eggs, paternal and maternal X chromosomes recombine during meiosis.

Clearly, some X chromosomes managed to outrun the drive.

Women tend to be protected from diseases related to genes on the X because female cells randomly inactivate one of the X chromosomes, and that leaves some cells with a normal copy up and running.

«As the Y chromosome evolved, it withered away, losing most of the 1000 genes that are found on today's X chromosomes.

Researchers had long suspected that fragile - X syndrome — named for the broken appearance of the X chromosomes — resulted in faulty connections between neurons, called synapses.

Due to the way X chromosomes are transmitted, grandmothers share an equal amount of DNA with their daughter's sons and daughters.

This led him to compare the X chromosomes — which can be inherited only from the mother — in those same brothers.

Third place honors and $ 150,000 went to Isani Singh, 18, of Aurora, Colo., for her work toward determining if women with Turner syndrome, a rare disease in which all or part of a woman's second sex chromosome is missing, may have some cells with two X chromosomes.

One of these chromosomes is switched off, because nobody can live with two active X chromosomes.

With the latest technology, they were able to keep the two X chromosomes apart and measure one of them — with its 166 million base pairs — in detail.

Your baby's gender is determined by X and Y chromosomes — two X chromosomes means you will have a girl; one X and one Y chromosome means you will have a boy.

Males have an X and a Y chromosome while females have two X chromosomes and no Y chromosome.

The primary baldness gene is found on the X chromosome.

Let's take a look at a scientific study — we will call it the X chromosome study — that addresses the question of genetic influence in moderating environmental influence on antisocial or criminal behavior.