Just like 2006, more perennial ice melted and some of the 1/2
year ice remained from 2007.
Extensive areas of first -
year ice remain in the East Siberian and Laptev Seas (Figures 1 and 2).
Not exact matches
Warren Buffett has made no secret about his questionable consumption of burgers, shoestring fries,
ice cream and loads of Coca - Cola — and the 87 -
year - old CEO of Berkshire Hathaway appears to
remain healthy, mentally sharp and active.
One is skating on rather thin
ice to suggest on the basis of this polite acknowledgement in a preface in 1925 that Morgan at least could have been in any real way instrumental in Whitehead's development of the ideas found
years later in NL.12 The case
remains to be made with respect to Alexander.
Throughout
years of success and expansion, the family owned DeConna
Ice Cream Inc. has
remained true to its humble beginnings, the company says.
Meanwhile, it's tough to tell whether Matty
Ice is as good as his numbers last
year suggested, but the Falcons are one of just two undefeated teams
remaining.
In my own maternal ancestral village of Akyem - Nkronso (I have never been to the place, by the way), for example, one of my late uncles, a chief and the traditional Royal Mausoleum Custodian of Akyem - Abuakwa, had his mortal
remains iced for exactly the same number of
years as Capt. Zapata, because the various legitimate claimant lineages of the Nkronso Royal Family could not decide on which household's turn it was to present a candidate to succeed the deceased chief.
Over the past forty
years, the
ice cover in summer has shrunk by more than half, with climate model simulations predicting that the
remaining half might be gone by mid-century unless greenhouse gas emissions are reduced rapidly.
Ice Age Immigrants (Eurasia 7,000 - 45,000
years ago) aDNA from 51 individuals reveals the earliest modern humans to reach Europe went extinct; those arriving in subsequent waves, starting 37,000
years ago, left descendants who
remain to this day.
However, this
year's
ice cover
remains far below the 1981 - 2010 average, indicating an ongoing, long - term decline of
ice because of warming temperatures, according to scientists.
The
ice sheet is made up of snow that falls and never melts, but rather
remains year after
year and is gradually compressed into
ice.
Some scientists plan to assess the stability of the
remaining ice shelf, others will map the region's seafloor topography and still others want to study the newly exposed ecosystem that's been hidden from the sun for up to 120,000
years (SN Online: 10/13/17).
By measuring the
remaining difference — the 20,000 -
year old
ice deep in the West Antarctic
ice sheet is about 1 degree Celsius cooler than the surface — the scientists were able to estimate the original temperature based on how fast pure
ice warms up.
Both studies show that most species
remain unchanged for hundreds of thousands of
years, perhaps longer, and across several
ice ages.
In contrast, Bierman and colleagues» data provides a record of continuous
ice sheet activity over eastern Greenland but can't distinguish whether this was because there was a remnant in East Greenland or whether the
ice sheet
remained over the whole island, fluctuating in size as the climate warmed and cooled over millions of
years.
Now, several research groups aim to assess the stability of the
remaining ice shelf, map the region's seafloor and study a newly exposed ecosystem that's been hidden from the sun for up to 120,000
years.
Not long ago, it was thought impossible for
ice to
remain intact for millions of
years: Scientists assumed it would eventually sublimate, transforming in the frigid, dry air directly from
ice to vapor.
The researchers propose that, unlike in Antarctica where surface temperatures
remain below freezing all
year round, the newly discovered lakes are most likely fed by melting surface water draining through cracks in the
ice.
Over 25
years, the proportion of the ocean covered by
ice at least four
years old has dwindled from 26 % to 7 %, while the
remaining ice is mainly thin, the product of one winter.
The northern hemisphere
remained relatively
ice - free for longer, with Greenland and the Arctic becoming heavily glaciated only around 3.2 million
years ago.
Researchers have little hope that a wintertime
ice bridge will bring enough new wolves to Isle Royale for a «genetic rescue,» both because the
remaining wolves may not mate with them and also because the frequency of
ice bridge formations decline each
year.
Due to consistently below - freezing temperatures,
ice that appears to be flowing can actually
remain in place for thousands of
years.
Ice hidden beneath rubble can
remain virtually unchanged for millions of
years.
Now seafloor sediments reveal that Larsen B's grounding line had
remained stable for thousands of
years before the
ice shelf's collapse.
The
ice was formed by the precipitation that fell as snow from the clouds and
remained year after
year, gradually being compressed into
ice.
Some scientists believe the
ice sheet experienced significant melting during the relatively warmer conditions of the Pliocene, while others think it has
remained almost entirely frozen for the last 14 million
years.
Bacteria, however, have
remained Earth's most successful form of life — found miles deep below as well as within and on surface rock, within and beneath the oceans and polar
ice, floating in the air, and within as well as on Homo sapiens sapiens; and some Arctic thermophiles apparently even have life - cycle hibernation periods of up to a 100 million
years while waiting for warmer conditions underneath increasing layers of sea sediments (Lewis Dartnell, New Scientist, September 20, 2010; and Hubert et al, 2010).
Calvert Island, in particular, is among the few places worldwide with a sea level that has
remained relatively stable since the last
ice age, a boon for scientists looking to study how people have lived for the past 15,000
years.
The late peak in March this
year helped ensure a huge amount of
ice remained on the lakes at the start of April.
«Climate models show that
ice - sheet melt will dominate sea - level rise over the coming centuries, but our understanding of
ice - sheet variations before the last interglacial 125,000
years ago
remains fragmentary.
The
Ice around Northern Greenland, and northern Canadian islands
remains year after
year.
Untouched by
ice age glaciers, it has
remained essentially the same for the last 130 million
years.
And since you have missed this acceleration you have assumed that the rate will
remain at 3.3 mm /
year for the rest of this century, despite ongoing observations of increases in
ice mass loss in Greenland and parts of Antarctica.
Here's video I shot a few
years back showing how this species
remains active even when the local ponds are sheathed in
ice:
In my opinion, the only thing keeping the
remaining single -
year sea
ice from melting even faster than last
year's
ice is the shift in the PDO.
All they tell us is that if there is no further warming for 40
years, and Arctic temperatures
remain largely at or below today's values for another four whole decades, then we won't lose the Arctic summer
ice.
That is because any additional amount of CO2 in the atmosphere will
remain there for a very long time (to the extent that our emissions this century will like prevent the next
Ice Age due to begin 50 000
years from now).
«The September
ice volumes of A2 and B2 drop to very low levels as early as around 2025 and
remain almost flat in the following
years when the projected September
ice extents continue to fluctuate significantly annually (Figures 1d and 1e).
The two wild cards
remaining would be (1) how thick is this first -
year ice and (2) will it be warm enough to melt the first -
year ice this summer?
Cochelin et al used a model of intermediate complexity to show that the orbital variations over the next 100,000
years are weak enough that even a little human CO2
remaining in the atmosphere is enough to keep the earth out of an
ice age («Simulation of long - term future climate changes with the green McGill paleoclimate model: The next glacial inception»).
This season's Arctic
ice retreat ranks well behind the extraordinary
ice retreat of 2007 and also last
year's but
remains below the average
ice extent for the stretch since 1979, when satellites started monitoring Arctic conditions with some precision.
Added to this is a term according to (4) simply based on the assumption that the accelerated
ice flow observed 1993 - 2003
remains constant ever after, adding another 3 cm by the
year 2095.
The arctic will be
ice free in summer within 5 - 6
years, progressing rapidly to all the
remaining 9 months of the
year as the arctic ocean continues to warm.
If this
ice remains in the Arctic through the winter, it will thicken, which gives some hope of stabilizing the
ice cover over the next few
years.
This increase was based on the June
ice extent
remaining within 1 sigma of the 1981 - 2010 long - term mean and nearly average melt pond coverage compared to recent
years.
Already the sea
ice extent is tracking below this time in 2007, which
remains the record
year for the lowest sea
ice extent.
By last
year all that
remained were three patches of gritty
ice, the largest just a couple of hundred yards (200 meters) across.
litesong wrote: The 2017 Arctic sea
ice is increasing its chances that its sea
ice maximum will
remain below 14 million square kilometers, becoming the third
year IN A ROW to remain under the mark, as NO OTHER YEAR BEFORE 2015 HAS EVER DONE IN THE SATELLITE REC
year IN A ROW to
remain under the mark, as NO OTHER
YEAR BEFORE 2015 HAS EVER DONE IN THE SATELLITE REC
YEAR BEFORE 2015 HAS EVER DONE IN THE SATELLITE RECORD.
However, substantial
ice sheet changes that occurred during the last hundreds to few thousands of
years remain poorly quantified and are not included in our model.
Survival rates
remained high for the next four
years despite extreme shifts in weather and sea -
ice extent.