Sentences with phrase «year scale variations»

An alternative model that 105 to 106 year scale variations in continental water storage significantly changes the land — ocean water mass balance, led to the hypothesis of «groundwater - driven eustasy», termed «aquifer eustasy» 3,27,28,29,30,31 or «limno - eustasy» 32,33.

Not exact matches

Using different calibration and filtering processes, the two researchers succeeded in combining a wide variety of available data from temperature measurements and climate archives in such a way that they were able to compare the reconstructed sea surface temperature variations at different locations around the globe on different time scales over a period of 7,000 years.

While the atmosphere is mainly causing climate variations on shorter time scales, from months to years, the longer - term fluctuations, such as those on decadal time scales, are primarily determined by the ocean.

There are three main time scales to consider when it comes to warming: annual temperature variation from factors like warming in the Pacific Ocean during El Niño years, decadal temperature swings and long - term temperature increases from global warming.

«What this tells us is over a relatively short time on an evolutionary time scale, on the order of five million years, you get tremendous variation in the DNA of two similar organisms,» Perna notes.

For example, El Niño and La Niña described above characterize year - to - year variations of climate whereas the intra-seasonal time scale, discussed in our review article, bridges weather and climate, i.e. 20 to 100 days.

What makes the effort particularly tricky is that the prediction of natural variations like El Niño are typically only accurate on the scale of a few months, so looking out several years presents a serious challenge.

The records document that the Laschamp Excursion was characterized locally by (1) declination changes of ± 120 °, (2) inclination changes of more than 140 °, (3) ~ 1200 - year oscillations in both inclination and declination, (4) near 90 ° out - of - phase relationships between inclinations and declinations that produced two clockwise loops in directions and virtual geomagnetic poles (VGPs) followed by a counterclockwise loop, (5) excursional VGPs during both intervals of clockwise looping, (6) magnetic field intensities less than 10 % of normal that persisted for almost 2000 years, (7) marked similarity in excursional directions over ~ 5000 km spatial scale length, and (8) secular variation rates comparable to historic field behavior but persisting in sign for hundreds of years.

In particular, she uses mathematical approaches to interpret observed variations in δ18O and δ13C on times scales of thousands to millions of years.

Although we were only tracking main scale secondary vacancies this year, there were some obvious regional variations.

At a larger scale, this method would more accurately assess the seasonal variation in predation rates, individual hunting behavior throughout the year and the actual impact of cat predation on prey populations (Tschanz et al., 2011).

The usual formula for a retrospective runs as follows: a range of interesting yet disappointing early sketches; a selection of lacklustre variations on a single theme; several years» worth of accomplished, large - scale works and a series of late studies illustrating a longing for an unexplored theme.

Chiostro del Bramante celebrates its 20 - year anniversary with a large - scale exhibition (29 September 2016 - 19 Feb 2017) of works that explore the myriad facets and infinite variations of the...

Chiostro del Bramante celebrates its 20 - year anniversary with a large - scale exhibition (29 September 2016 - 19 Feb 2017) of works that explore the myriad facets and infinite variations of the universally recognised, and yet indefinable, phenomenon of love.

While many of the works in the exhibition engage with a looser, more experimental approach to form, color, and composition, others relate more directly to fully - realized works, such as his proposals for compositions for To The People of New York, a large - scale installation of paintings comprised of forty metal panels grouped in variations of red, yellow, and black, which occupied most of his artistic focus during the last year of his life.

[Response: From the Supporting Online Information: The 14 proxy series were each smoothed to remove variations on time scales shorter than 20 years by the application of a Gaussian - weighted filter that reduces the amplitude of 20 - year cycles by 50 % and shorter cycles by more than this.

Climate change involves time scales of many years, and hence if emphasis is given to much shorter time scales, the trends will drown in noisy variations.

The series are shown from 800 to 1995 and have been filtered to remove variations on time scales less than 20 years.

I have a query in to Ben Santer, the leader of last year's Livermore analysis of the difference between trend and variation on short time scales, and will add his thoughts when they come in.

In my opinion, this is a question of the time scale considered: the variations from year to year are obviously dominated by weather, and also decadal variations — such as the warming (probably the increase of the flow) from 1990 to the middle of the 2000s and the subsequent cooling (slowdown of the flow)-- are likely to be mainly natural variations.

Another property is that it generally stays in a bounded volume of the phase space (called attractor) what explains why through billions of years despite the large variations of all parameters on all time scales (from hours to million of years), the system always stayed in a quasi stable state.

The chart I linked to shows how the disingenuous CAGW Alarmists use a MICROSCOPE to plot the FRACTION OF A DEGREE vertical scale vs. YEARS or even HUNDREDS of years to give an extremely SKEWED scaling to IMPLY a HUGE variation in temperature anomalies over time where there is NOTYEARS or even HUNDREDS of years to give an extremely SKEWED scaling to IMPLY a HUGE variation in temperature anomalies over time where there is NOTyears to give an extremely SKEWED scaling to IMPLY a HUGE variation in temperature anomalies over time where there is NOT one.

If we scale sunspot numbers so that the variations from solar minimum to maximum represent about a 0.1 deg change in temperature, and if we lag the sunspot data 6 years, it compares well visually with the adjusted GISS LOTI data.

There may be significant year - to - year variations, but they must even up to a large degree, and there may be large changes over thousands of years, but on the scale of decades no known process can have produced changes comparable to what we have observed at Mauna Loa.

The U.S. military seems interested in climate variations / change on timescales from seasonal to scales out to about 30 years, a period over which natural climate variability could very well swamp anthropogenically forced climate change.

captd, no, VP had a residual natural variation of about 0.1 C with about a 60 year time scale, and he only got a millikelvin left after removing that small variation.

The National Research Council of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences has embraced the Milankovitch Cycle model... orbital variations remain the most thoroughly examined mechanism of climatic change on time scales of tens of thousands of years and are by far the clearest c...

JimD, «captd, no, VP had a residual natural variation of about 0.1 C with about a 60 year time scale, and he only got a millikelvin left after removing that small variation.»

«Our analysis shows warming underway by 1800, large variations up and down throughout the 19th century, and that variability on the 3 - 15 year scale has been dramatically decreasing over the past two centuries.»

So on a shorter time scale of say, 5,000 years, the natural variations of going into and out of ice ages DO N'T average out.

I would not dispute 100 - 300 year oscillations as a possibility, but my reading of the climate records reveals no evidence for a significant role for such oscillations — or at least, no role substantial enough on a global scale to have created a discernible signal outside of changes occasioned by solar variations, volcanism, and other known entities (changes on a regional scale are a very different matter and may have involved such oscillations).

On meaningful time scales (i.e. 15 years and above) the bulk properties of climate average out, which means that any internally driven variation of bulk properties is pretty small scale and transient.

We will analyze synoptic - scale weather patterns from global reanalysis models over the past 50 years, utilizing a variety of techniques including self - organizing maps, such that these weather patterns can be tied to variations in core proxies, as well as relate this to ten years (2003 - 2013) of records from about a dozen automated weather stations located on and near McCall Glacier.

southern oscillation a large - scale atmospheric and hydrospheric fluctuation centered in the equatorial Pacific Ocean; exhibits a nearly annual pressure anomaly, alternatively high over the Indian Ocean and high over the South Pacific; its period is slightly variable, averaging 2.33 years; the variation in pressure is accompanied by variations in wind strengths, ocean currents, sea - surface temperatures, and precipitation in the surrounding areas

These natural variations exist on time scales of several years to decades.

Most importantly the scaling: While the shape of the curve looks a lot like the temperature trend over the last 400 years, note that the entire variation from the low to the high point is only about 0.25 % — the scaling makes it look more dramatic.

Another point is that there is no notable climate variations on the 60 Million year time scales (as opposed to the various claimed variations on half the period, at around 30 million years, including extinctions, etc.).

However, on a time scale of a few years to a few decades ahead, future regional changes in weather patterns and climate, and the corresponding impacts, will also be strongly influenced by natural unforced climate variations.

I am talking about millenial scale variation in the sun, presently unknown, and you are talking about eleven year cycles.

However, year - to - year variations impact the natural sink's time scale, which is why there is a correlation between the sink and temperature,

Detailed investigation of DTR - CR flux relationships from an expanded station - based dataset, and reanalysis data found no significant associations between either the DTR and periodic (11 - year and 1.68 - year) solar variations, or FD events at global or regional scales (Laken et al. 2012c).

On time scales of thousands to hundreds of thousands of years, variations in the earth's orbit affect climate.

There are no direct measurements of solar radiation on climatological time scales, but a variety of circumstantial evidence suggests that longer - term variations do occur, perhaps with larger amplitudes than those found in the two most recent eleven - year Schwabe cycles.

Also, that after ~ 10 thousand years, ice core CO2 will no longer show perhaps even century - scale variations, but can t best only represent a long - term mean atmospheric concentration.

The fact is that having been at the top of the historical scale TSI must have been above the point of balance however narrow the band of variation in TSI actually turns out to have been during that period of 400 years since the depths of the Little Ice Age.

The spatial distribution of the altimeter sea level trends during 1993 - 2017 shows large - scale variations, with some regions such as the western tropical Pacific Ocean experiencing up to +8 mm / year.

E.g., «The IPCC has taken for granted that there are no natural variations in global average temperatures once one gets beyond a time scale of ten years or so» (p. 16).

The IPCC has taken for granted that there are no natural variations in global average temperatures once one gets beyond a time scale of ten years or so.

There has not been shown to be a density variation of significance that correlates with average temperature variation (e.g, the recent high average temperature came from a small very hot area over the ocean and a small northern area, and more normal to even colder temperatures everywhere else, not global temperatures being warmer), and Solar activity has been shown to correlate very well with much of the long term (thousands of years time scale) global temperature trend.

The records document that the Laschamp Excursion was characterized locally by (1) declination changes of ± 120 °, (2) inclination changes of more than 140 °, (3) ~ 1200 - year oscillations in both inclination and declination, (4) near 90 ° out - of - phase relationships between inclinations and declinations that produced two clockwise loops in directions and virtual geomagnetic poles (VGPs) followed by a counterclockwise loop, (5) excursional VGPs during both intervals of clockwise looping, (6) magnetic field intensities less than 10 % of normal that persisted for almost 2000 years, (7) marked similarity in excursional directions over ~ 5000 km spatial scale length, and (8) secular variation rates comparable to historic field behavior but persisting in sign for hundreds of years.