Sentences with phrase «year timescale for»

If a threshold is passed, the IPCC (12) gives a > 1,000 - year timescale for GIS collapse.

Not exact matches

Their importance, he says, lies in the very act of government and business discussing these challenges and considering how to meet them: developing a «dual approach over a significant — five, six, seven - year — timescale both encourages confidence that we are all facing in the same direction, and gives us time to develop and implement a real strategy [for growth].»

It is currently projected to come into force in 2017 - a timescale that would appear to leend weight to wanings that it would take years for the UK to renegotiate all its trade agreements if it left the EU.

After PCCs take office they have a tight timescale to set a budget and the level of the precept for 2013/14 which is year three (out of four) of one of the most challenging funding settlements the police service has faced.»

1 In the document, the Lib Dems profess their support for «the eradication of the structural deficit within a responsible timescale» but, in reality, they were demanding a faster pace of deficit reduction «in light of market concerns», including «some in - year cuts».

«I make no apology for making sure the party is financially secure, so these reforms are being phased over a five - year timescale.»

For example, recent studies show anti-shale gas advocacy groups base arguments around the 20 - year time horizon, while the pro-shale gas community emphasizes the 100 - year timescale, but both metrics are needed to truly understand the short - and long - term impacts shale gas has on the environment.

The goal of the United States and its negotiating partners is to slow Iran's «breakout time» — the timescale of a crash effort to porduce enough weapons - grade fissle material for one bomb — from an estimated 2 to 3 months to at least a year.

For familiar pairs, such as the Moon and Earth, such energy loss is imperceptible even on timescales of billions of years.

Using the 2m Faulkes Telescope North, we conducted a search for stars in M13 that show variability over a year (2005 — 2006) on timescales of days and months.

This allowed us not only to map the cloud distribution, but also how it changes from rotation to rotation and also over longer timescales: our observations were following the brown dwarfs for more than a year.

«We tend to think of retroviruses over recent timescales, for example, HIV - 1 crossed from chimpanzees to humans about 100 years ago, leading to the AIDS pandemic,» Katzourakis said.

Of course, I wouldn't expect to be able to do that for 50 to 100 years, which is the interesting timescale for global warming.

«It is odd to me to think of century - scale hydroclimate variability in terms of «extremes», a term typically reserved in climate science for timescales of hours to years.»

1) the atmosphere (which can also be subdivided into northern and southern hemispheres, and even into Hadley Cells) all with fairly short time constants 2) the upper ocean — time constant on the order of years to decades 2a) the biosphere — time scale from 1 year to decades and even centuries and millennia for some processes 3) abyssal ocean (timescale of many decades to ~ a century or more) 5) the geosphere — timescale of millennia to eons.

Climate scientists would say in response that changes in ocean circulation can't sustain a net change in global temperature over such a long period (ENSO for example might raise or lower global temperature on a timescale of one or two years, but over decades there would be roughly zero net change).

Considering the timescale of Ground Zeroes» last - gen console release earlier this year, it would seem to make sense for Konami to get the game out in 2014 on PC, with Phantom Pain to follow on next year.

In it, he warns that there may be no impact whatsoever on social mobility indicators at a local level within the three - year evaluation timescale set for the project.

If you want to take a look at the likely timescales for the writing, rewriting and feedback process, check out my post Your Two - Year Plan for Writing, Editing and Publishing Your Novel (However Busy You Are).

Money has only been around for a few thousand years, a blink of an eye on the evolutionary timescale.

It takes thousands of years for oceans to de-acidify... effectively a timescale so long it is effectively «forever» for humanity.

Of course, on a timescale of one decade the noise in the temperature signal from internal variability and measurement uncertainty is quite large, so this might be hard to determine, though tamino showed that five year means show a monotonic increase over recent decades, and one might not unreasonably expect this to cease for a decade in a grand solar minimum scenario.

«History» as you assume means recorded history — and certainly the Arctic has not been ice free for any of that, but Dyson is referring to «Earth history» (i.e. the geological timescale), and if you look at that he is likely correct — Arctic ice started forming in earnest about 14 million years ago having been absent for most of the last 65 million years.

The estimated uptake timescales are within the range he reports for his data - driven calculation, 50 years or so, even though the mean uptake time of the ocean reservoirs in that model, weighted by their sizes, is 600 years.

[Response: the Milankovitch timescale is long and the forcing barely varies due to orbital changes over 100 years so no, they aren't included (they would be for people modelling the last glacial maximum); solar forcing is modelled by change in total solar irradiance (probably as a total number; not sure if changes at different wavelengths are included)-- William]

As you say the timescale for full sequestration is more like ~ 50,000 years.

(The actual equilibrium takes on the order of a few thousand years, the mixing time of the oceans, to reach... But that's at constant temperature... So if the oceans warm significantly, then we lock in a new equilibrium, at higher atmospheric CO2 for much longer timescales.)

I'm not sure there's anything particularly new here, except a focus on Hansen's point that the «long term» timescale people talk about with climate may be a lot shorter than the several thousand years or so that was observed for the ice age changes.

Of course, I wouldn't expect to be able to do that for 50 to 100 years, which is the interesting timescale for global warming.

For the ice age — interglacial variations of the last few million years, a transition occured within the last million years where a 100,000 year timescale seemed to become dominant, whereas previously the variations followed the obliquity (~ 40,000 years) and precession cycles.

In longer timescales, we will have to adapt, but for the next few million years its finely balanced and we can keep it just where we want it.

The Arctic sea ice, for instance, has timescales of around 5 years to a decade, and so a collapse of summer ice cover could conceivably be reversed in a «cooling world» after only a decade or so (interactions with the Arctic ocean stratification may make that take a little longer though).

Thank you a lot for your kind answer, I got (twice) the following choice of options (select one or more): a. one year b. 1000 years c. 100 years d. > 1000 years e. ten years There is no option in the timescale of some hundreds of thousand years or so, and the automated grading system did not give a correct answer after I finished.

Over very long time periods such that the carbon cycle is in equilibrium with the climate, one gets a sensitivity to global temperature of about 20 ppm CO2 / deg C, or 75 ppb CH4 / deg C. On shorter timescales, the sensitivity for CO2 must be less (since there is no time for the deep ocean to come into balance), and variations over the last 1000 years or so (which are less than 10 ppm), indicate that even if Moberg is correct, the maximum sensitivity is around 15 ppm CO2 / deg C. CH4 reacts faster, but even for short term excursions (such as the 8.2 kyr event) has a similar sensitivity.

As noted in that post, RealClimate defines the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation («AMO») as, «A multidecadal (50 - 80 year timescale) pattern of North Atlantic ocean - atmosphere variability whose existence has been argued for based on statistical analyses of observational and proxy climate data, and coupled Atmosphere - Ocean General Circulation Model («AOGCM») simulations.

Atlantic cooling can impact the climate for decades, according to researchers, on timescales from 20 to 30 years.

Less certain is the timescale, with onset of rapid (> 1 mm per year of sea - level rise) collapse for the different simulations within the range of two to nine centuries.

«Evidence indicates that Antarctic bottom water production through the Holocene (last 10,000 years) is not in a steady - state condition [3], that is to say that bottom water production sites shift along the Antarctic margin over decade to century timescales as conditions for the existence of polynas change.

On longer timescales, atmospheric composition and climate have been intertwined for billions of years, especially via methane, which is both a powerful greenhouse gas and is chemically reactive.

These ratios are small (less than 1) on the 10 - year timescale, increasing to more than 3.9 for 32 - year trends.

Corals are a key archive for understanding variability over seasons, years, and decades, the timescales most relevant to human societies (Figure 2).

Our estimated signal - to - noise (S / N) ratios for global - scale TLT changes were less than 1.0 on the 10 - year timescale.

«It has been well known for many years that ENSO is associated with significant variability in global mean temperatures on interannual timescales.

Cautionary note: For work on multidecadal timescales, repeat 1 year smoothing is (for many data exploration purposes, not all) superior to use of wide boxcar kerneFor work on multidecadal timescales, repeat 1 year smoothing is (for many data exploration purposes, not all) superior to use of wide boxcar kernefor many data exploration purposes, not all) superior to use of wide boxcar kernels.

You might notice I asked for a 50 year forecast and I did so intentionally because over that timescale infrastructure can be build and it is easier to measure whether or not anything is actually happening.

«Our estimated signal - to - noise (S / N) ratios for global - scale TLT changes were less than 1.0 on the 10 - year timescale (Figure 6C).

Once the CO2 concentration of the upper ocean is depleted by growth and sinking of phytoplankton, the timescale for gas exchange with the atmosphere is about a year for a one - hundred meter ocean mixed layer, typical of the tropics.

Thus a conservative estimate for the time taken to complete the LIA climatic shift to present - day climate is about 10 years, suggesting the LIA termination in alpine regions of central North America may have occurred on a relatively short (decadal) timescale.

This is interesting - i certainly like that they've shortened the timescale from 30 to 17 years for a model pass / fail test (if i'm reading this right), but i'm still quite confused on how the models are being treated.

So if you have intelligent thing for a thousand years, the chances we'll have to communicate with another planet, on the timescale of billions of years, it becomes almost certainly not possible.