Sentences with phrase «year variations in»

The ENSO cycle refers to the coherent and sometimes very strong year - to - year variations in sea - surface temperatures, convective rainfall, surface air pressure, and atmospheric circulation that occur across the equatorial Pacific Ocean.

It is worth noting that the record that was «smashed» was 15.52 C, proving that the temperature records are able to resolve year to year variations in the «monthly temperature of the Earth» with hundredths of a degree precision.

Given the dominance of ENSO on year - to - year variations, and the difficulty in predicting how ENSO will develop beyond six months, the prospects for useful year - to - year variations in global temperature beyond that is slim.

We found in our analyses that, for such things as evapotranspiration and runoff, year - to - year leaf variations are less important than year - to - year variations in meteorology.

In a new paper, we explored the importance of one new feature that adds complexity to state - of - the - art climate models: simulation of year - to - year variations in the emergence and loss of leaves by trees and other plants.

While some studies have shown changes in lightning associated with seasonal or year - to - year variations in temperature, there have been no reliable analyses to indicate what the future may hold.

The El Niño - Southern Oscillation, for example, moves heat between the atmosphere and the ocean, causing year - to - year variations in global average surface temperatures of about 0.2 ℃.

What are the long - term trends and year - to - year variations in the terrestrial and oceanic sources and sinks of greenhouse gases?

But Susan Strahan of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center warned that the size of the hole in any given year is still dominated by year - to - year variations in the temperature of the stratosphere and the vagaries of meteorology.

Despite the complexity of global food supply, here we show that simple measures of growing season temperatures and precipitation — spatial averages based on the locations of each crop — explain ~ 30 % or more of year - to - year variations in global average yields for the world's six most widely grown crops.

Year - to - year variations in area and depth are caused by variations in stratospheric temperature and circulation.

[Response: As mentioned in my post, year - to - year variations in the rate of CO2 concentration increase are large and dominated by the biosphere, not by our emissions.

If the CRF were so important (and the cloud response near - instantaneous) why do we not see more pronounced ~ 11 - year variations in the global mean temperature?

Another equally important challenge is the fact that there are pronounced ~ 11 - year variations in the CRF, but the presence of ~ 11 - year variations in the global mean temperature are much less pronounced than the trend over the 3 — 4 most recent decades.

2) A better ability to constrain climate sensitivity from the past century's data 3) It will presumably be anticorrelated with year to year variations in global surface temperature that we see, especially from El Ninos and La Ninas, which will be nice whenever we have a cool year and the deniers cry out «global warming stopped!».

The problem with such an approach is that the lack of flexibility in the calculations makes it difficult to account for year - by - year variations in outcomes or changes in an individual's life or lifestyle that can affect underlying assumptions.

Their statement, issued April 30, the first day of testing in the 432,000 - student system, argues that this spring's test results can not be used fairly to judge whether students should be promoted or sent to summer school, and whether schools should be penalized for year - to - year variations in test averages.

Given the dominance of ENSO on year - to - year variations, and the difficulty in predicting how ENSO will develop beyond six months, the prospects for useful year - to - year variations in global temperature beyond that is slim.

Although droughts have been a natural part of the year - to - year variations in the Amazon's climate, both the frequency and severity of droughts in the rainforest have been increasing over the last decade because of climate change, Aragão says:

2) A better ability to constrain climate sensitivity from the past century's data 3) It will presumably be anticorrelated with year to year variations in global surface temperature that we see, especially from El Ninos and La Ninas, which will be nice whenever we have a cool year and the deniers cry out «global warming stopped!».

Although many technological improvements have been made to both grape growing and winemaking over the last few decades, climate is often the wild card in determining year - to - year variations in quality.

If undertaken over five years, the 1.5 percentage point hike for employers would be just 0.3 per cent per year, which is less than ordinary year - to - year variations in wages.

Professor Cox, from the College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences said «The year - to - year variation in carbon dioxide concentration is a very useful way to monitor how tropical ecosystems are responding to climate.

Muller - Landau is interested in year - to - year variation in the cycles by which different species of trees grow and shed their leaves, fruit and flower.

For this new study, the researchers looked not only at crop yield, but also at year - to - year variation in crop area and double cropping.

In the study published in the Canadian Journal of Forest Research, the role of year - to - year variation in weather conditions was examined by increasing the estimated uncertainty of litter input originating from tree needles, foliage and fine roots by a 5 % random error.

«The mitigation of these effects at low cropload suggests that variations in cropload can make an important contribution to year - to - year variation in sweet cherry fruit quality and response to treatments,» the authors said.

What schools need to keep an eye on is the upper and lower limits of their own year - by - year variation in exam results.

For our target scenario, we estimate the cost of upgrading infrastructure to include additional bandwidth and one device for each middle - and high - school student at the same level of IT support (i.e., 1:300).10 Because these scenarios include estimates for upgrading to and maintaining a technological level, there is some year - to - year variation in estimated costs.

THE LABOR MARKET in the United States is marked by considerable year - to - year variation in individual earnings.»

Year - to - year variation in the intensity and latitude of this cell is the major determinant of the variation in annual precipitation in the mid latitudes of the southern Andes.

21) After 1000 to 1500 years those variations in energy flowing through the thermohaline circulation return to the surface by influencing the size and intensity of the ocean surface temperature oscillations that have now been noted around the world in all the main ocean basins and in particular the Pacific and the Atlantic.

That is about twice the observed increase and about twice the year by year variation in increase rate.

Other articles in the issue examine future projections of river flows and climate extremes in the Columbia Basin, the effect of water and environmental management behaviours on water resources and vulnerabilities, the effect of climate oscillations on year - to - year variation in river flows and the glacier monitoring programme in the upper Columbia.

So the year - to - year variation in the extent of the sea ice would also be affected by natural forces.

The temperature / CO2 feedback accounts for much of the year - to - year variation in the rate of the atmospheric CO2 increase, but it doesn't account for the increase itself.

After 1000 to 1500 years those variations in energy flowing through the thermohaline circulation return to the surface by influencing the size and intensity of the ocean surface temperature oscillations that have now been noted around the world in all the main ocean basins and in particular the Pacific and the Atlantic.

After 1000 to 1500 years those variations in energy flowing through the thermohaline circulation return to the surface.»

Not exact matches

That year, the federation also began storing overproduction in reserve to smooth out annual variations in the syrup harvest.

From my experience over the past two years building my startup Dizzle, a mobile app for real - estate agents, I have developed several variations of my product in hopes of mastering the product - market fit.

Such factors include, among others, general business, economic, competitive, political and social uncertainties; the actual results of current and future exploration activities; the actual results of reclamation activities; conclusions of economic evaluations; meeting various expected cost estimates; changes in project parameters and / or economic assessments as plans continue to be refined; future prices of metals; possible variations of mineral grade or recovery rates; the risk that actual costs may exceed estimated costs; failure of plant, equipment or processes to operate as anticipated; accidents, labour disputes and other risks of the mining industry; political instability; delays in obtaining governmental approvals or financing or in the completion of development or construction activities, as well as those factors discussed in the section entitled «Risk Factors» in the Company's Annual Information Form for the year ended December 31, 2017 dated March 15, 2018.

In spring 2008, VW announced the solution to its U.S. woes: a new engine that used a variation on the direct injection that Audi had used under Piëch years before and many had used since.

As the years wore on, it seemed as though a Ray's pizzeria had popped up on every corner in the city — with variations on the name and numerous owners.

Over the past five years, I've heard those answers — or some variation of them — from more than 250 students in my entrepreneurship courses at Princeton University and from many of the more than 100 entrepreneurs I've counseled about their startups.

While these CFDs, the underlying digital assets of which «have displayed very high price variation,» are not traded on public exchanges in the eurozone, their popularity in Europe has nonetheless grown over the last several years.

After assuring us Tuesday that China's economy — which is growing a little slower than the 7.5 % target and, is expected to slow further over the rest of the year — was nonetheless «operating within a reasonable range», in his Tianjin speech on Wednesday Premier Li suggested again that the China's 7.5 % growth target is not a hard target, and that there may be «variations» in China's growth relative to the target.

Although the monthly payment on a 30 - year mortgage with TD Bank seems lower at first glance, each bank uses its own set of assumptions in its online mortgage estimates, leading to minor variations in cost.

For each fund with at least a three - year history, Morningstar calculates a Morningstar Ratingä based on a Morningstar Risk - Adjusted Return measure that accounts for variation in a fund's monthly performance (including the effects of sales charges, loads, and redemption fees), placing more emphasis on downward variations and rewarding consistent performance.

Cross-sectional dispersion in global equities — a measure of the variation in returns across individual securities — recently reached its highest level in four years, according to our analysis.

An article in the American Meteorological Society Journal said that they saw weather variations costing $ 630 billion a year for the US alone