Sentences with phrase «years between eruptions»

«When the magma rate was lower, it took 13 years between eruptions.

Not exact matches

Luckily, these kinds of eruptions are few and far between, and they are tens of thousands of years in the making.

A number of giant super-eruptions between 8 and 12 million years ago that could be larger than the colossal eruptions known to have taken place at Yellowstone have been identified in the United States through research led by the University of Leicester.

Humans inhabited rainforests on the Indonesian island of Sumatra between 73,000 and 63,000 years ago — shortly before a massive eruption of the island's Mount Toba volcano covered South Asia in ash, researchers say.

Small eruptions that erupt less than one cubic kilometre of material occur very frequently (daily to yearly), whilst the largest eruptions that erupt hundreds of cubic kilometres of material are infrequent, with hundreds of thousands of years between them.

Indeed, the era between 65,000 and 25,000 years ago, toward the end of the Paleolithic, was a time of major volcanic eruptions, along with extremes of climate that included rapid shifts in temperature accompanied by alternately creeping and contracting glaciers across many regions of Eurasia.

By measuring the size of the largest raindrop imprints (inset) in ash that solidified soon after an eruption 2.7 billion years ago (pocked slab, main image) and comparing them to the imprints made by drops of various sizes and momentums in lab tests, the team estimates that the density of Earth's oxygen - free atmosphere 2.7 billion years ago most likely ranged between 50 % and 108 % of today's air and was certainly less than twice its modern density — a thickness insufficient to offset the dimness of the sun at the time.

By comparing volcanic activity to records of social unrest, the researchers found a correlation between the two that was too closely matched to dismiss: «In years influenced by volcanic eruptions, Nile flooding was generally diminished, leading to social stress that could trigger unrest and have other political and economic consequences,» Manning said.

However, a background level of seismicity at many of the volcanoes is normal ranging from 10s to a 100 earthquakes per year at Mount Rainier, Mount Hood, Lassen Peak and Mount St. Helens (between eruptions).

Temperatures also jumped up by about 0.15 oC (0.27 oF) between the cool La Niña years (Green lines) of 1979 - 1989 and those of 1996 - 2008 (the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in 1991 lowered the Earth's temperatures in the midst of an El Niño cycle).

Over recent years, evidence has suggested a link between diary products and skin eruptions, blaming the high rate of oil - stimulating hormones that are present in pregnant cows.

Between 3 million and 5 million years ago, a series of volcanic eruptions formed the Galápagos archipelago, a chain of 19 islands and dozens of islets.

Along with Santa Barbara Island, Anacapa was formed by volcanic eruptions between 19 and 15 million years ago.

The largest eruption of the 20th Century inspired a large amount of research on the connection between volcanic eruptions and the Earth's atmosphere in the 12 years since that eruption, as exemplified by the chapters in this book.

McGuire conducted a study that was published in the journal Nature in 1997 that looked at the connection between the change in the rate of sea level rise and volcanic activity in the Mediterranean for the past 80,000 years and found that when sea level rose quickly, more volcanic eruptions occurred, increasing by a whopping 300 percent.

Thus the 12 year average global cooling for this type of eruption is 0.05 K. Maybe I have underestimated the long - time effects of repeated series, but the difference between observed and simulation seems much too large to me...

According to one of Japan's leading volcano experts, Shigeo Aramaki, in the last 2,200 years Fuji has erupted 75 times, giving an average 30 - year interval between eruptions.

This factor, when multiplied times the amount of reduction in tropospheric aerosol emissions, between 1975 and another later year will give the average global temperature for that year (per NASA's J - D land - ocean temperature index values) to within less than a tenth of a degree C. of actuality (when temporary natural variations due to El Nino's, La Nina's, and volcanic eruptions are accounted for).

The new study tracks the correlation of carbon isotope variation and volcanic eruptions from the 19th century until recent years, and shows the dramatic reduction in available sunlight in 536 as well as between 541 and 544 CE.

The layers are matched to calendar years using the telltale deposits of known volcanic eruptions; and 3) connecting the ages of the ice and the air — i.e., the time difference between snow falling and air bubbles getting enclosed — is a problem all of its own.

Over the last millennium the agreement between the tree - ring data and volcano / ice - core data is high: years of ring - width minima can be matched with known volcanic eruptions or ice - core volcanic signals in 86 % of cases.