Other gene families that were dramatically expanded in the octopus include
zinc finger transcription factors, which are mainly expressed in embryonic and nervous tissues and are thought to play roles in development.
The octopus genome contains around 1,800 C2H2
zinc finger transcription factors, the second largest gene family so far discovered in animals (olfactory receptor genes in elephants are the largest at around 2,000).
Over the past decade, we have also demonstrated that
the zinc finger transcription factor KLF15 functions as a nodal regulator of cardiovascular plasticity and multi-organ metabolic homeostasis.
Not exact matches
«Before CRISPR, there was TALENS [
transcription activator - like effector nucleases] and
zinc finger nucleases — older technologies that were not as precise or reliable,» explains Sosa.
Ultimately, this week's discourse will lead to a consensus statement providing some guidance on how to approach using this and older gene editing technologies such as
zinc finger nucleases and enzymes called
transcription activator - like effector nucleases, or TALENs.
These include a family of signaling molecules called protocaderins, which regulate neuronal development and short - range interactions between neurons, and a family of
transcription factors called
zinc fingers, which are mainly expressed in embryonic and nervous tissues and are thought to play roles in brain development.
The variety of new tools available for genetic manipulation now include lentiviral - based gene delivery, and gene editing using CRISPR / Cas9,
zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) or
transcription activator - like effector nucleases (TALENs).
Zinc finger nucleases [1], [2],
transcription activator - like effector nucleases [3], [4] and homing meganucleases [5] have provided powerful tools to induce targeted mutations in the form of small insertions or deletions derived from DNA break repair of nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) or homologous recombination.
The gene product (PHF11) contains two PHD
zinc fingers and probably regulates
transcription.
A gene family that is involved in development, the
zinc -
finger transcription factors, is also highly expanded in octopuses.