Sentences with phrase «zinc fingers»

The gene product (PHF11) contains two PHD zinc fingers and probably regulates transcription.

It contains a KRAB motif, a histone H3 Lysine -4-methyltransferase domain, and several zinc fingers that likely mediate sequence - specific binding to DNA.

In the past, researchers have attempted to do this with gene editing tools like zinc fingers nucleases, but the process was too labor - intensive to be used on a large scale.

«The tricky part is to limit the zinc fingers to the sequence you are interested in to avoid introducing DNA breaks or new mutations elsewhere in the genome.»

Prior to Cas9 activators, similar tools were made using other DNA binding proteins such as zinc fingers (ZF) and TAL effectors (TALE).

Zinc fingers could pull gene therapy back from the brink — but only if more researchers can get their hands on the remarkable proteins.

Thinking many years in the future, it's possible that zinc fingers could be used to direct molecular scissors and glue to the mutant HD gene, «snipping out» the unwanted CAG repeats.

Going after the DNA with zinc fingers means targeting the known cause of the disease.

Asuri et al, for example, used zinc fingers to increase the efficiency of AAV mediated genome editing in human ESCs and iPSCs from ~ 0.2 % to ~ 1.5 %.

Meanwhile, Cellectis announced it now has «an umbrella patent» that its CEO, Andre Choulika, says «covers most of the gene editing procedures done with a nuclease,» including those based on CRISPR - Cas 9, TALENs, zinc fingers, and many meganucleases.

The sequence grabbed by M. musculus musculus» PRDM9 zinc fingers is slightly different from the ones preferred by M. musculus domesticus» zinc fingers.

PRDM9 grabs DNA using structures called zinc fingers.

Re-engineering the zinc fingers of PRDM9 reverses hybrid sterility in mice.

By re-engineering PRDM9's zinc fingers, researchers moved recombination hot spots and restored fertility in male hybrid mice.

Details about how important it is to have the right zinc fingers came in a report last year in Nature.

These include a family of signaling molecules called protocaderins, which regulate neuronal development and short - range interactions between neurons, and a family of transcription factors called zinc fingers, which are mainly expressed in embryonic and nervous tissues and are thought to play roles in brain development.

ZBTB48 binds through the last of its 11 zinc fingers directly to telomeric DNA (TTAGGG, in red) as well as subtelomeric variant repeats (TTGGG / TCAGGG, grey), which represent the protective caps at the end of chromosomes.

In 1975, the notion of using recombinant DNA to design human babies was too remote to seriously consider, but the explosion of powerful new genome - editing technologies such as CRISPR - Cas9, zinc fingers, and TALENs has changed that.

However, in the presentations, speakers for both teams said that two stretches of the gene code for so - called zinc fingers — protein structures that insert themselves into the grooves of DNA — suggesting that the encoded protein probably turns other genes on and off.

Announced a worldwide collaboration with Sangamo Therapeutics, Inc. (Sangamo) using Sangamo's zinc finger nuclease technology platform for the development of next - generation ex vivo cell therapies in oncology.

These risks and uncertainties include: Gilead's ability to achieve its anticipated full year 2018 financial results; Gilead's ability to sustain growth in revenues for its antiviral and other programs; the risk that private and public payers may be reluctant to provide, or continue to provide, coverage or reimbursement for new products, including Vosevi, Yescarta, Epclusa, Harvoni, Genvoya, Odefsey, Descovy, Biktarvy and Vemlidy ®; austerity measures in European countries that may increase the amount of discount required on Gilead's products; an increase in discounts, chargebacks and rebates due to ongoing contracts and future negotiations with commercial and government payers; a larger than anticipated shift in payer mix to more highly discounted payer segments and geographic regions and decreases in treatment duration; availability of funding for state AIDS Drug Assistance Programs (ADAPs); continued fluctuations in ADAP purchases driven by federal and state grant cycles which may not mirror patient demand and may cause fluctuations in Gilead's earnings; market share and price erosion caused by the introduction of generic versions of Viread and Truvada, an uncertain global macroeconomic environment; and potential amendments to the Affordable Care Act or other government action that could have the effect of lowering prices or reducing the number of insured patients; the possibility of unfavorable results from clinical trials involving investigational compounds; Gilead's ability to initiate clinical trials in its currently anticipated timeframes; the levels of inventory held by wholesalers and retailers which may cause fluctuations in Gilead's earnings; Kite's ability to develop and commercialize cell therapies utilizing the zinc finger nuclease technology platform and realize the benefits of the Sangamo partnership; Gilead's ability to submit new drug applications for new product candidates in the timelines currently anticipated; Gilead's ability to receive regulatory approvals in a timely manner or at all, for new and current products, including Biktarvy; Gilead's ability to successfully commercialize its products, including Biktarvy; the risk that physicians and patients may not see advantages of these products over other therapies and may therefore be reluctant to prescribe the products; Gilead's ability to successfully develop its hematology / oncology and inflammation / respiratory programs; safety and efficacy data from clinical studies may not warrant further development of Gilead's product candidates, including GS - 9620 and Yescarta in combination with Pfizer's utomilumab; Gilead's ability to pay dividends or complete its share repurchase program due to changes in its stock price, corporate or other market conditions; fluctuations in the foreign exchange rate of the U.S. dollar that may cause an unfavorable foreign currency exchange impact on Gilead's future revenues and pre-tax earnings; and other risks identified from time to time in Gilead's reports filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC).

In recent years several techniques, such as CRISPR / Cas9 or zinc finger nucleases have been experimented to directly modify the DNA of plants and animals.

Osmosis has re-defined the standard for DNA repair technology with their parented Zinc Finger Technology.

Catalyst AC - 11 Serum goes right to work restoring your skin's DNA and creating more active cells by activating your skin's own zinc finger remodeling process which is a critical part of DNA repair.

«CRISPR has proven so easy and inexpensive that Dana Carroll of the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, who spearheaded the development of zinc finger nucleases, [one of its competitors,] says it has brought about the «democratization of gene targeting.

His research interests include the roles of zinc in proteins including zinc finger proteins, the mechanisms and systems biology of protein targeting to peroxisomes, and the development of detailed thermodynamic understanding of molecular recognition processes.

Scientists can select from a variety of scalpels, including zinc finger nucleases, TALENs and CRISPR / Cas9.

«Before CRISPR, there was TALENS [transcription activator - like effector nucleases] and zinc finger nucleases — older technologies that were not as precise or reliable,» explains Sosa.

Talk of curing AIDS made front - page news last year, in part due to an astonishing new gene - editing technology: lab - engineered proteins called zinc finger nucleases.

And in another advance, virologist Paula Cannon of the University of Southern California used zinc finger nucleases to create human stem cells that lack CCR5.

In that case, six patients suspended antiretroviral therapy for 12 weeks after infusion with zinc finger nuclease — altered CD4 cells.

Ultimately, this week's discourse will lead to a consensus statement providing some guidance on how to approach using this and older gene editing technologies such as zinc finger nucleases and enzymes called transcription activator - like effector nucleases, or TALENs.

The zinc finger region, whose structure was discovered by Nobel laureate Aaron Klug, is a finger - shaped structure containing a zinc atom.

Its competitors — designer proteins called zinc finger nucleases and TALENs — also precisely alter chosen DNA sequences, and several companies are already exploiting them for therapeutic purposes in clinical trials.

But CRISPR has proven so easy and inexpensive that Dana Carroll of the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, who spearheaded the development of zinc finger nucleases, says it has brought about the «democratization of gene targeting.»

These gene - regulating proteins have an important feature called a zinc finger domain.

They have used a different technique, called zinc finger nucleases, to disrupt a gene on T cells that HIV uses to enter the cells.

Her research team placed the evolutionarily conserved castor (Cas) gene, which encodes a zinc finger protein, in a genetic circuit with two other evolutionarily conserved genes, hedgehog (Hh) and eyes absent (Eya), to determine the fates of specific cell progeny (daughters).

In clinical trials already underway, for example, researchers have used an older gene - editing technique, enzymes call zinc finger nucleases, in immune cells to deactivate the gene for CCR5, a surface protein that HIV latches onto in order to infect cells.

The zinc finger protein sticks to the DNA of the mutant Huntingtin gene and turns off the gene's expression.

The fusion protein bound optimally to a sequence containing adjacent homeodomain (TAATTA) and zinc finger (NGGGNG) subsites.

The zinc finger protein works by targeting the mutant copies of the Huntingtin gene, repressing its ability to express and create harmful proteins.

This involved making the zinc finger as invisible to the immune system as possible.

«However, while these encouraging results in mice mean that the zinc finger looks like a good candidate to take forward to human trials, we still need to do a lot of work first to answer important questions around the safety of the intervention, whether repeat treatments are effective, whether there might be longer - term side effects, and whether we can extend and increase the benefits beyond six months.

In the new study involving mice, published in the journal Molecular Neurodegeneration, the injection of zinc finger repressed the mutant copies of the gene for at least six months.

By tweaking the ingredients of the zinc finger in the new study they were able to extend its effects to several months, repressing the disease gene over that period without seeing any harmful side effects.

By targeting the fundamental DNA of the gene, the zinc finger therapy also has the advantage over other potential Huntington's therapies of needing less frequent treatments.

In the study, the researchers gave a single injection of zinc finger to 12 mice with Huntingdon's disease.

There's no reason to think CRISPR would succeed any faster in applications like those, says Dana Carroll at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City, who did pioneering work to develop the zinc finger technology.

In 2009, for example, Sangamo Therapeutics in Richmond, California, began using zinc finger nucleases to modify genes in immune cells from HIV - infected people, hoping to make the cells resistant to the virus.