The standard library amplification step in most sequencing protocols substitutes erroneous bases for the ones that have been modified, yielding high - quality but incorrect sequences. (sciencemag.org)
However, this approach requires precision engineering of nano - features (in a detection chip), complex optical setups, novel nano - probes (such as graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, and gold nanorods) or additional amplification steps such as aggregation of nanoparticles to achieve sensitive detection of biomarkers. (sciencedaily.com)
Making a large pool of DNA molecules with random sequences and subjecting these to repeated selection and amplification steps allows for the development of molecules with the desired property. (innovations-report.com)