Standard deductions for 2012 are $ 5,950 for singles, $ 11,900 for married filing jointly, $ 8,700 for heads of household, $ 5,950 for married filing separately and $ 11,900 for qualifying widows and widowers. (sapling.com)
These four types are: single (Schedule X), married filing jointly or qualifying widow or widower (Schedule Y - 1), married filing separately... (teenanalyst.com)
You may be able to file as «qualifying widow / widower» if your spouse passed away sometime during the previous two years, you have not remarried, and you have a dependent at home. (irs.com)