Affirmative action refers to a policy or program that is designed to promote equal opportunity and prevent discrimination by taking proactive measures to increase access for historically disadvantaged groups. This can include setting goals, timetables, and quotas; implementing preferential hiring policies; and providing financial assistance, training, and other resources to help underrepresented individuals gain access to education, employment, and business opportunities. The goal of affirmative action is to address systemic barriers and create a level playing field for all people, regardless of their race, gender, religion or other characteristics that may have historically excluded them from full participation in society.