However, finding actual cause - and - effect links between specific actions of parents and later behavior of children is very difficult. (verywellmind.com)
Actual cause means that the injury would not have happened but for the other person's negligence. (charlesboyk-law.com)
Actual cause exists when but for the breach of the duty of care, the injured person would not have suffered an injury. (mccormickmurphy.com)