* Reported number is percent of test - takers on 2016 CAASPP and may not necessarily reflect actual enrollment (Source: California Department of Education) (ccsa.org)
Using the lotteries to form an intention - to - treat variable, we instrument for actual enrollment and compute the charter schools» average treatment - on - the - treated effects on achievement. (nber.org)
This is helpful to districts and, again, more student - centered as it bases funding on actual enrollment rather than attendance on a few days of the year. (empowerms.org)