Wind and weather can cause annual fluctuations in the ice extent, while the overall volume remains relatively flat, he said. (scientificamerican.com)
One argument in favor of a flat cap is that it would protect districts against annual fluctuations in the baseline rate that arise from changes in inflation. (newsday.com)
Despite annual fluctuations, the trend is clear: The 10 warmest years on record have occurred since 1982. (sciencemag.org)