It's not clear what INAs the brown tree frog is producing, but like most frogs its skin is pretty versatile, able to make antimicrobial chemicals and possibly neurotransmitters as well. (newscientist.com)
It's not clear what the grooming does exactly, but the researchers think the ants clear away dirt and apply antimicrobial chemicals to the wounds to guard against infection. (sciencemag.org)
«Instead, it seems like many species have found alternative ways to prevent infection that do not rely on antimicrobial chemicals.» (sciencedaily.com)