During the PETM, a massive release of carbon into Earth's atmosphere from the oceans increased the average global temperature 10 degrees Fahrenheit (5.5 degrees Celsius) over the course of 170,000 years. (livescience.com)
James Hansen: Arctic sea ice insulates the atmosphere from the ocean, allowing the atmosphere to become very cold, as much as tens of degrees below freezing. (judithcurry.com)
Because of these restraints the oceans locally can release only a small part of the total dissolved carbon dioxide and, more importantly, when averaged over a year the amount released equals the amount dissolved, i.e. there is not net addition of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere from the oceans so long as the temperature averaged over a year remains constant from year to year. (skepticalscience.com)